---
title: polar — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «polar» in the school dictionary: To do with the North Pole or the South Pole, or the very cold areas around them. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# polar

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Polar bears, Penguins, polar ice caps, Earth, sun, brother · **What happens:** do, live, melt, warm, not rise, be · **To what, where:** cold areas, science, Arctic, southern polar region, polar opposites, special clothes

<!-- .vabout -->
«polar» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [polar in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/polar.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do with the North Pole or the South Pole, or the very cold areas around them.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polar:m1:1
# text = To do with the North Pole or the South Pole, or the very cold areas around them.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Pole	Pole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Pole	Pole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	very	very	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
17	around	around	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | the cold areas around areas |  |  |  | with the North Pole or the South Pole | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Completely opposite.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polar:m2:1
# text = Completely opposite.
1	Completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	opposite	opposite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"polar opposites".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polar:m2e:1
# text = "polar opposites".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	opposites	opposite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In science, to do with the poles of a magnet or of the Earth.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polar:m3:1
# text = In science, to do with the poles of a magnet or of the Earth.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	poles	pole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	magnet	magnet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | science |  | with the poles of a magnet or the Earth | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polar bears live in the Arctic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polar:x1:1
# text = Polar bears live in the Arctic.
1	Polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Polar bears |  |  | the Arctic |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in arctic=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Penguins live in the southern polar region.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polar:x2:1
# text = Penguins live in the southern polar region.
1	Penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Penguins |  |  | the southern polar region |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in region=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The polar ice caps are melting as the Earth warms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polar:x3:1
# text = The polar ice caps are melting as the Earth warms.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	caps	cap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	melting	melt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	warms	warm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | present · progressive | the polar ice caps |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **warm** | present | the Earth |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In polar winters the sun may not rise for weeks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polar:x4:1
# text = In polar winters the sun may not rise for weeks.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	winters	winter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **rise** | may | the sun |  |  |  | week; winter |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My brother and I are polar opposites: he is loud and I am quiet.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polar:x5:1
# text = My brother and I are polar opposites: he is loud and I am quiet.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	conj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	opposites	opposite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My brother | polar opposites |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | he |  |  |  |  | loud *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | quiet *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Explorers need special clothes for polar journeys.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polar:x6:1
# text = Explorers need special clothes for polar journeys.
1	Explorers	explorer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	journeys	journey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Explorers | special clothes |  |  |  | for polar journeys | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot clothes=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made a model of a polar habitat in class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polar:x7:1
# text = We made a model of a polar habitat in class.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	model	model	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	habitat	habitat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | a model of a polar habitat in class |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent model=Product |
| 2 | **model** |  |  | a polar habitat in class |  |  |  |  | nom model «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds from the Polar regions came flying here, and of course the stork and the swallow were not absent.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polar:x8:1
# text = Birds from the Polar regions came flying here, and of course the stork and the swallow were not absent.
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	fixed	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	stork	stork	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	swallow	swallow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
18	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
20	absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Birds from the Polar regions |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fly** | gerund | Birds from the Polar regions *not said here* |  |  | here |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **is** | past | Birds from the Polar regions *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of the stork and the swallow; absent *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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