---
title: polarisation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «polarisation» in the school dictionary: Polarisation of light is when light waves are made to vibrate in only one direction, as in polarised sunglasses that cut glare. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# polarisation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Polarisation, polarised sunglasses, opposite views, It, class, News reports · **What happens:** be, vibrate, polaris, cut, polarise, move · **To what, where:** Polarisation, one direction, glare, light, two sides, people · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«polarisation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [polarisation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/polarisation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polarisation of light is when light waves are made to vibrate in only one direction, as in polarised sunglasses that cut glare.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polarisation:m1:1
# text = Polarisation of light is when light waves are made to vibrate in only one direction, as in polarised sunglasses that cut glare.
1	Polarisation	polarisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
6	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	vibrate	vibrate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	only	only	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	polarised	polaris	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	amod	_	_
20	sunglasses	sunglasses	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
21	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
22	cut	cut	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl:relcl	_	_
23	glare	glare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present · passive |  | Polarisation of light |  |  |  | make *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **vibrate** | to-infinitive | Polarisation of light *not said here* |  |  | one direction |  | as polarised sunglasses | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in direction=Location |
| 3 | **polaris** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **cut** | present | polarised sunglasses | glare |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset glare=Product |
| 5 | **polarise** |  |  | light |  |  |  |  | nom polarisation «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polarisation of people is when a group splits into two sides with opposite views that move further apart.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polarisation:m2:1
# text = Polarisation of people is when a group splits into two sides with opposite views that move further apart.
1	Polarisation	polarisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	splits	split	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	opposite	opposite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	views	view	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	move	move	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	further	further	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Polarisation of people |  |  | two sides |  | with opposite views; split *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **move** | present | opposite views |  |  |  |  | apart *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **polarise** |  |  | people |  |  |  |  | nom polarisation «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It can also mean something gaining two opposite poles or charges, like a magnet or battery.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polarisation:m3:1
# text = It can also mean something gaining two opposite poles or charges, like a magnet or battery.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	gaining	gain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
8	opposite	opposite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	poles	pole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	charges	charge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	magnet	magnet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	battery	battery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | It | something |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic |
| 2 | **gain** | gerund |  | two opposite poles or charges and a magnet or battery |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pole=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polarised sunglasses use the polarisation of light to cut glare.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polarisation:x1:1
# text = Polarised sunglasses use the polarisation of light to cut glare.
1	Polarised	polaris	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	sunglasses	sunglasses	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
10	glare	glare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **polaris** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | present | Polarised sunglasses | the polarisation of light |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent polarisation=Patient |
| 3 | **cut** | to-infinitive | Polarised sunglasses *not said here* | glare |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset glare=Product |
| 4 | **polarise** |  |  | light |  |  |  |  | nom polarisation «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The class argued, and there was real polarisation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polarisation:x2:1
# text = The class argued, and there was real polarisation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	argued	argue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	7	expl	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | past | the class |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | real polarisation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
News reports talk about polarisation in politics.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polarisation:x3:1
# text = News reports talk about polarisation in politics.
1	News	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	reports	report	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	talk	talk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	politics	politics	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | present | News reports |  |  | politics |  | about polarisation | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about polarisation=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polarisation means people end up on two opposite sides.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polarisation:x4:1
# text = Polarisation means people end up on two opposite sides.
1	Polarisation	polarisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	end	end	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
8	opposite	opposite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Polarisation |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **end up** | present | people |  |  | two opposite sides |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fishermen wear polarised glasses to see into water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polarisation:x5:1
# text = Fishermen wear polarised glasses to see into water.
1	Fishermen	fisherman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wear	wear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	polarised	polaris	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	glasses	glass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present | Fishermen | polarised glasses |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent glass=Source |
| 2 | **polaris** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **see** | to-infinitive | Fishermen *not said here* |  |  | water |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polarisation in the group meant nobody would agree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polarisation:x6:1
# text = Polarisation in the group meant nobody would agree.
1	Polarisation	polarisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	8	nsubj	_	_
7	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	agree	agree	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | past | Polarisation in the group |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **agree** *speech: agree* *not said to happen* | would | nobody |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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