---
title: poliomyelitis — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «poliomyelitis» in the school dictionary: A serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the nerves and can cause paralysis, especially in children. It can be prevented by a vaccine. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# poliomyelitis

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** virus, vaccine, Jonas, Poliomyelitis, Today polio, President · **What happens:** cause, attack, prevent, call, save, make · **To what, where:** serious disease, nerves, paralysis, virus, Poliomyelitis, polio vaccine · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«poliomyelitis» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [poliomyelitis in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/poliomyelitis.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the nerves and can cause paralysis, especially in children. It can be prevented by a vaccine.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the nerves and can cause paralysis, especially in children.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poliomyelitis:m1:1
# text = A serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the nerves and can cause paralysis, especially in children.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	attacks	attack	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	nerves	nerve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
15	paralysis	paralysis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | participle |  | a serious disease *not said here* |  |  |  | by a virus | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **attack** | present | a virus | the nerves |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nerve=Patient |
| 3 | **cause** | can | a virus *not said here* | paralysis and children |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition paralysis=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It can be prevented by a vaccine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poliomyelitis:m1:2
# text = It can be prevented by a vaccine.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	prevented	prevent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prevent** | can · passive | a vaccine | virus |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Poliomyelitis is usually called polio.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poliomyelitis:x1:1
# text = Poliomyelitis is usually called polio.
1	Poliomyelitis	poliomyelitis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	polio	polio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | Poliomyelitis |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The polio vaccine has saved millions of children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poliomyelitis:x2:1
# text = The polio vaccine has saved millions of children.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	polio	polio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	saved	save	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | present · perfect · passive |  | the polio vaccine |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary million=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jonas Salk made the first polio vaccine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poliomyelitis:x3:1
# text = Jonas Salk made the first polio vaccine.
1	Jonas	Jonas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Salk	Salk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
6	polio	polio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Jonas | the first polio vaccine |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vaccine=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Poliomyelitis can cause paralysis in the legs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poliomyelitis:x4:1
# text = Poliomyelitis can cause paralysis in the legs.
1	Poliomyelitis	poliomyelitis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	paralysis	paralysis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | can | Poliomyelitis | paralysis |  | the legs |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition paralysis=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Today polio is very rare thanks to vaccination.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poliomyelitis:x5:1
# text = Today polio is very rare thanks to vaccination.
1	Today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	polio	polio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	thanks	thanks	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	vaccination	vaccination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Today polio | rare thanks |  |  |  | to vaccination | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
President Roosevelt used a wheelchair after he had polio.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poliomyelitis:x6:1
# text = President Roosevelt used a wheelchair after he had polio.
1	President	President	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Roosevelt	Roosevelt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wheelchair	wheelchair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	polio	polio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | President | a wheelchair |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wheelchair=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | past | President | polio |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent polio=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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