---
title: politeness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «politeness» in the school dictionary: Politeness is behaving with good manners and respect for other people, for example saying please and thank you. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# politeness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Politeness, he, teacher, Saying, She, people · **What happens:** behave, say, thank, cost, eat, not like · **To what, where:** you, nothing, soup, politeness, trip, basic politeness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«politeness» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [politeness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/politeness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Politeness is behaving with good manners and respect for other people, for example saying please and thank you.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:politeness:m1:1
# text = Politeness is behaving with good manners and respect for other people, for example saying please and thank you.
1	Politeness	politeness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	behaving	behave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	manners	manners	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
15	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
16	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	15	discourse	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	thank	thank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **behave** | present · progressive | Politeness |  |  |  |  | with good manners and respect for other people; for example | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Politeness *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **thank** *speech: thank* | present | Politeness *not said here* |  | you |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Politeness costs nothing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:politeness:x1:1
# text = Politeness costs nothing.
1	Politeness	politeness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | Politeness | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme nothing=Value |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Out of politeness, he ate the soup he didn't like.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:politeness:x2:1
# text = Out of politeness, he ate the soup he didn't like.
1	Out	out	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	politeness	politeness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	soup	soup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	like	like	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | he | the soup |  | politeness |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soup=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **like** | past · do-support | he | the soup *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot soup=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher praised our politeness on the trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:politeness:x3:1
# text = The teacher praised our politeness on the trip.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	praised	praise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	politeness	politeness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **praise** | past | the teacher | our politeness |  | the trip |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent politeness=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saying «thank you» is basic politeness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:politeness:x4:1
# text = Saying «thank you» is basic politeness.
1	Saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	csubj	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	thank	thank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	basic	basic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	politeness	politeness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **thank** *speech: thank* *in a quote* | present |  |  | you |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Saying | basic politeness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She answered with great politeness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:politeness:x5:1
# text = She answered with great politeness.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	politeness	politeness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | She |  |  |  |  | with great politeness | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Politeness helps people get along.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:politeness:x6:1
# text = Politeness helps people get along.
1	Politeness	politeness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	along	along	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Politeness | people |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **get along** | infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | along *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king, and queen, and the whole court, were at tea with the princess; and he was received with great politeness.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:politeness:x7:1
# text = The king, and queen, and the whole court, were at tea with the princess; and he was received with great politeness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	received	receive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	politeness	politeness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the king and queen and the whole court |  |  | tea |  | with the princess | tree rules |
| 2 | **receive** | past · passive |  | he |  |  |  | with great politeness | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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