---
title: politician — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «politician» in the school dictionary: A person whose job is in politics, especially someone elected to run a town, a region or a country, such as a member of parliament, a senator or a mayor. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# politician

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** job, politics, person, they, politician, People · **What happens:** be, elect, run, job, get, want · **To what, where:** politics, town, people, speech, town square, election

<!-- .vabout -->
«politician» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [politician in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/politician.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person whose job is in politics, especially someone elected to run a town, a region or a country, such as a member of parliament, a senator or a mayor.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:politician:m1:1
# text = A person whose job is in politics, especially someone elected to run a town, a region or a country, such as a member of parliament, a senator or a mayor.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	politics	politics	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	2	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	appos	_	_
11	elected	elect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	26	case	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	fixed	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	member	member	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	parliament	parliament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	senator	senator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
32	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	mayor	mayor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | politics's job |  |  | politics |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **elect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **run** | to-infinitive |  | a town |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme town=Trajectory |
| 4 | **job** |  | politics |  |  |  |  |  | nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: sometimes negative — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who is clever at getting what they want by managing people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:politician:m2:1
# text = A person who is clever at getting what they want by managing people.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	getting	get	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	10	obj	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
11	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	managing	manage	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	xcomp	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a person |  |  |  |  | clever *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** | gerund | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **want** | present | they |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **manage** *not said to happen* | gerund | they *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | vn caring-75.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The politician gave a speech in the town square.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:politician:x1:1
# text = The politician gave a speech in the town square.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	politician	politician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	square	square	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the politician | a speech |  | the town square |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speech=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People vote for politicians in an election.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:politician:x2:1
# text = People vote for politicians in an election.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	vote	vote	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	politicians	politician	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vote** | present | People |  |  | a election |  | for politicians *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent for politician=Goal |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our local politician visited the school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:politician:x3:1
# text = Our local politician visited the school.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	politician	politician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	visited	visit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | past | Our local politician | the school |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent school=Co-Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Politicians make laws in parliament.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:politician:x4:1
# text = Politicians make laws in parliament.
1	Politicians	politician	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	parliament	parliament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Politicians | laws |  | parliament |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset law=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The politician promised to build a new hospital.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:politician:x5:1
# text = The politician promised to build a new hospital.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	politician	politician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	promised	promise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	hospital	hospital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past | the politician |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **build** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the politician *not said here* | a new hospital |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hospital=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She wants to be a politician when she grows up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:politician:x6:1
# text = She wants to be a politician when she grows up.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	politician	politician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | a politician |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **grow up** | present | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was something of a politician, and had always taken a prominent part in the local elections, so he knew the proper Parliamentary expressions to use.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:politician:x7:1
# text = He was something of a politician, and had always taken a prominent part in the local elections, so he knew the proper Parliamentary expressions to use.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	politician	politician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	11	advmod	_	_
11	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	prominent	prominent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	elections	election	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	so	so	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
24	proper	proper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
25	Parliamentary	parliamentary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	expressions	expression	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | He | something |  |  |  | of a politician | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | past · perfect |  | a prominent part |  | the local elections |  | always *property* | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent part=Value in election=Location |
| 3 | **know** | past | he | the proper Parliamentary expressions |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer expression=Stimulus |
| 4 | **use** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* | the proper Parliamentary expressions *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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