---
title: polka — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «polka» in the school dictionary: A lively, bouncy dance for couples that started in Central Europe in the 1800s, with quick hopping steps. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# polka

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** lively bouncy dance, music, pattern, round dots, we, band · **What happens:** start, play, spread, pattern, dance, learn · **To what, where:** Central Europe, cloth, polka, school ceilidh, hall, two beats

<!-- .vabout -->
«polka» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [polka in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/polka.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lively, bouncy dance for couples that started in Central Europe in the 1800s, with quick hopping steps.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polka:m1:1
# text = A lively, bouncy dance for couples that started in Central Europe in the 1800s, with quick hopping steps.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	lively	lively	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	bouncy	bouncy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	dance	dance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	couples	couple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	Central	Central	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
12	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	1800s	1800	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	quick	quick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	hopping	hopping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | past | a lively bouncy dance for couples |  |  | Central Europe |  | in the 1800s; with quick hopping steps | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with step=Subeventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The music played for this dance, usually with two beats in a bar.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polka:m2:1
# text = The music played for this dance, usually with two beats in a bar.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	dance	dance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	beats	beat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	bar	bar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | the music |  |  |  |  | for this dance; with two beats in a bar | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with beat=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: as in «polka dots» — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
a pattern of round dots of the same size spread evenly over cloth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polka:m3:1
# text = a pattern of round dots of the same size spread evenly over cloth.
1	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	dots	dot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	evenly	evenly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	over	over	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | past | a pattern of round dots of the same size |  |  | cloth |  | evenly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over cloth=Location |
| 2 | **pattern** |  | round dots of the same size |  |  |  |  |  | nom pattern «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, rare — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To dance a polka.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polka:m4:1
# text = To dance a polka.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	dance	dance	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	polka	polka	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dance** | to-infinitive |  | a polka |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location polka=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At the school ceilidh we learned to dance the polka.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polka:x1:1
# text = At the school ceilidh we learned to dance the polka.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	ceilidh	ceilidh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	dance	dance	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	polka	polka	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | we |  |  | the school ceilidh |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **dance** | to-infinitive | we *not said here* | the polka |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location polka=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The band played a polka and everyone started hopping round the hall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polka:x2:1
# text = The band played a polka and everyone started hopping round the hall.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	band	band	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	polka	polka	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	8	nsubj	_	_
8	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	hopping	hop	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	_
10	round	round	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | the band | a polka |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent polka=Theme |
| 2 | **start** | past | everyone |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **hop** | gerund | everyone *not said here* |  |  | the hall |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme round hall=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A polka has two beats in each bar, so it is easy to clap along.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polka:x3:1
# text = A polka has two beats in each bar, so it is easy to clap along.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	polka	polka	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	beats	beat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	bar	bar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	expl	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	clap	clap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	csubj	_	_
16	along	along	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a polka | two beats |  | each bar |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beat=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **clap** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | along *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My nan's favourite dress is red with white polka dots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polka:x4:1
# text = My nan's favourite dress is red with white polka dots.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	nan	nan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	dress	dress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	polka	polka	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	dots	dot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My nan's favourite dress |  |  |  |  | with white polka dots; red *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ladybirds look like they are wearing polka dots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polka:x5:1
# text = Ladybirds look like they are wearing polka dots.
1	Ladybirds	ladybird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	wearing	wear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	polka	polka	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	dots	dot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | Ladybirds |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **wear** | present · progressive | Ladybirds *= ladybird* | polka dots |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent dot=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The accordion player squeezed out a jolly polka.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polka:x6:1
# text = The accordion player squeezed out a jolly polka.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	accordion	accordion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	squeezed	squeeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	jolly	jolly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	polka	polka	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **squeeze out** | participle | the accordion player *not said here* | a jolly polka |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In art we printed polka dots with the ends of pencils.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polka:x7:1
# text = In art we printed polka dots with the ends of pencils.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	printed	print	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	polka	polka	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	dots	dot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ends	end	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	pencils	pencil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **print** | past | we | polka dots |  | art | with the ends of pencils |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent dot=Theme in art=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad and Gran polkaed round the kitchen at Christmas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polka:x8:1
# text = Grandad and Gran polkaed round the kitchen at Christmas.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	polkaed	polka	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	round	round	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **polka** | past | Grandad and Gran |  |  | Christmas |  | round the kitchen | vn waltz-51.5 «NP V PP.trajectory PP.goal»: agent=Theme round kitchen=Trajectory |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I am going to teach you to jump and bow, to dance a waltz and a polka, and even to stand on your head.”

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polka:x9:1
# text = I am going to teach you to jump and bow, to dance a waltz and a polka, and even to stand on your head.”
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	teach	teach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	iobj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	jump	jump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	bow	bow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	dance	dance	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	waltz	waltz	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	polka	polka	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	even	even	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	stand	stand	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present · progressive | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **teach** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  | you |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **jump** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **bow** | infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **dance** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | a waltz and a polka |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location waltz=Theme |
| 6 | **stand** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | your head |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on head=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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