---
title: pollution — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pollution» in the school dictionary: Pollution is dirt, poison or waste in the air, water or land that harms living things. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pollution

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** land, act, Air pollution, Plastic pollution, Cities, you · **What happens:** be, harm, make, breathe, have, see · **To what, where:** Pollution dirt, living things, things, it, sea turtles, more

<!-- .vabout -->
«pollution» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pollution in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pollution.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pollution is dirt, poison or waste in the air, water or land that harms living things.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pollution:m1:1
# text = Pollution is dirt, poison or waste in the air, water or land that harms living things.
1	Pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	poison	poison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	harms	harm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | Pollution dirt and poison or waste in the air and water or land |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **harm** | present | land | living things |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus thing=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of making things dirty and harmful.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pollution:m2:1
# text = The act of making things dirty and harmful.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund | the act *not said here* | things |  |  |  | dirty *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset thing=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unwanted noise or light: noise pollution, light pollution.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pollution:m3:1
# text = Unwanted noise or light: noise pollution, light pollution.
1	Unwanted	unwanted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Air pollution can make it hard to breathe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pollution:x1:1
# text = Air pollution can make it hard to breathe.
1	Air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | Air pollution | it |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 2 | **breathe** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plastic pollution harms sea turtles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pollution:x2:1
# text = Plastic pollution harms sea turtles.
1	Plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	harms	harm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	turtles	turtle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harm** | present | Plastic pollution | sea turtles |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus turtle=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cities have more light pollution, so you see fewer stars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pollution:x3:1
# text = Cities have more light pollution, so you see fewer stars.
1	Cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	obj	_	_
4	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	amod	_	_
11	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Cities | more |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Patient |
| 2 | **see** | present | you | fewer stars |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer star=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made posters about pollution.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pollution:x4:1
# text = We made posters about pollution.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	posters	poster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | posters |  |  |  | about pollution | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poster=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The river was cleaned and the pollution went down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pollution:x5:1
# text = The river was cleaned and the pollution went down.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	cleaned	clean	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	down	down	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean** | past · passive |  | the river |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **go down** | past | the pollution |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Noise pollution from the airport keeps people awake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pollution:x6:1
# text = Noise pollution from the airport keeps people awake.
1	Noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	airport	airport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	awake	awake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Noise pollution from the airport | people |  |  |  | awake *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Walking to school reduces pollution.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pollution:x7:1
# text = Walking to school reduces pollution.
1	Walking	walk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
4	reduces	reduce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to school *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to school=Result |
| 2 | **reduce** | present | Walking | pollution |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer pollution=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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