---
title: polonium — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «polonium» in the school dictionary: Polonium is a rare, extremely radioactive and poisonous chemical element, number 84, symbol Po, discovered by Marie and Pierre Curie. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# polonium

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**Who acts:** Polonium, Marie, symbol, Scientists · **What happens:** be, discover, name, handle · **To what, where:** rare chemical element, polonium, Po, nature

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«polonium» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [polonium in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/polonium.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polonium is a rare, extremely radioactive and poisonous chemical element, number 84, symbol Po, discovered by Marie and Pierre Curie.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polonium:m1:1
# text = Polonium is a rare, extremely radioactive and poisonous chemical element, number 84, symbol Po, discovered by Marie and Pierre Curie.
1	Polonium	polonium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
4	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	extremely	extremely	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	radioactive	radioactive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
10	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	element	element	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	84	84	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	symbol	symbol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	Po	Po	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	discovered	discover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	parataxis	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Marie	Marie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl:agent	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	Pierre	Pierre	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
24	Curie	Curie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Polonium | a rare chemical element and number |  |  |  | symbol Po *obl* | tree rules |
| 2 | **discover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Marie Curie discovered polonium more than a hundred years ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polonium:x1:1
# text = Marie Curie discovered polonium more than a hundred years ago.
1	Marie	Marie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Curie	Curie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	discovered	discover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	polonium	polonium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	8	advmod	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discover** | past | Marie | polonium |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent polonium=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polonium was named after Poland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polonium:x2:1
# text = Polonium was named after Poland.
1	Polonium	polonium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Poland	Poland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **name** | past · passive |  | Polonium |  |  | after Poland |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polonium is highly radioactive.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polonium:x3:1
# text = Polonium is highly radioactive.
1	Polonium	polonium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	highly	highly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	radioactive	radioactive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Polonium |  |  |  |  | highly, radioactive *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The symbol for polonium is Po.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polonium:x4:1
# text = The symbol for polonium is Po.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	symbol	symbol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	polonium	polonium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	Po	Po	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the symbol for polonium | Po |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polonium is very rare in nature.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polonium:x5:1
# text = Polonium is very rare in nature.
1	Polonium	polonium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Polonium |  |  | nature |  | rare *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists handle polonium with great care.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:polonium:x6:1
# text = Scientists handle polonium with great care.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	handle	handle	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	polonium	polonium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **handle** | present | Scientists | polonium |  |  |  | with great care | vn confront-98 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent polonium=Theme with care=Instrument |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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