---
title: pond — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pond» in the school dictionary: A pond is a small area of still water, smaller than a lake. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pond

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pond, 12 ducks, 4 frogs, We, you, Dragonflies · **What happens:** be, mean, jump, have, leave, go · **To what, where:** small area, Atlantic Ocean, pond, 30 fish, many ducks, tadpoles

<!-- .vabout -->
«pond» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pond in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pond.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pond is a small area of still water, smaller than a lake.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pond:m1:1
# text = A pond is a small area of still water, smaller than a lake.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	still	still	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
12	than	than	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pond | a small area |  |  |  | of water | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«The pond» (informal) can mean the Atlantic Ocean: «across the pond».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pond:m2:1
# text = «The pond» (informal) can mean the Atlantic Ocean: «across the pond».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	across	across	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | the pond | the Atlantic Ocean |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are 12 ducks on the pond.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pond:x1:1
# text = There are 12 ducks on the pond.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	ducks	duck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 12 ducks on the pond |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
4 frogs jumped into the pond.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pond:x2:1
# text = 4 frogs jumped into the pond.
1	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | past | 4 frogs |  |  |  |  | into the pond *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into pond=Result |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pond has 30 fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pond:x3:1
# text = The pond has 30 fish.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the pond | 30 fish |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many ducks are left on the pond?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pond:x4:1
# text = How many ducks are left on the pond?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	ducks	duck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present · passive |  | many ducks |  | the pond |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme on pond=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We went pond dipping and found tadpoles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pond:x5:1
# text = We went pond dipping and found tadpoles.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	dipping	dip	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	tadpoles	tadpole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | We | pond |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **dip** | gerund | We *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **find** | past | We *not said here* | tadpoles |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tadpole=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never walk on a frozen pond.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pond:x6:1
# text = Never walk on a frozen pond.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	walk	walk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **walk** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | a frozen pond |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on pond=Trajectory |
| 2 | **freeze** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dragonflies lay their eggs in ponds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pond:x7:1
# text = Dragonflies lay their eggs in ponds.
1	Dragonflies	dragonfly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ponds	pond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | present | Dragonflies | Dragonflies's eggs |  | ponds |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in pond=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin lives across the pond in America.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pond:x8:1
# text = My cousin lives across the pond in America.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | My cousin |  |  | the pond |  | in America | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in america=Location |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the water in the pond became dark with blood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pond:x9:1
# text = And the water in the pond became dark with blood.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | the water in the pond |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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