---
title: ponderous — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ponderous» in the school dictionary: Ponderous means very heavy and large, so that it is hard to lift or move. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ponderous

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ponderous, stone door, elephant, ship, fifty men · **What happens:** mean, be, lift, move, walk, not push · **To what, where:** ship, water

<!-- .vabout -->
«ponderous» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ponderous in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ponderous.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ponderous means very heavy and large, so that it is hard to lift or move.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ponderous:m1:1
# text = Ponderous means very heavy and large, so that it is hard to lift or move.
1	Ponderous	Ponderous	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	expl	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	lift	lift	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Ponderous |  |  |  |  | heavy *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **lift** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **move** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ponderous also means slow and heavy in manner, without any lightness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ponderous:m2:1
# text = Ponderous also means slow and heavy in manner, without any lightness.
1	Ponderous	Ponderous	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	without	without	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	lightness	lightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Ponderous |  |  |  |  | slow *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stone door was too ponderous to move.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ponderous:x1:1
# text = The stone door was too ponderous to move.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	ponderous	ponderous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the stone door |  |  |  |  | ponderous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **move** | to-infinitive | the stone door *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The elephant walked with ponderous steps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ponderous:x2:1
# text = The elephant walked with ponderous steps.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	ponderous	ponderous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | the elephant |  |  |  |  | with ponderous steps | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ship was so ponderous that fifty men could not push it into the water.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ponderous:x3:1
# text = The ship was so ponderous that fifty men could not push it into the water.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	ponderous	ponderous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	fifty	fifty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
9	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	push	push	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the ship |  |  |  |  | ponderous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **push** | could | fifty men | ship |  | the water |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme into water=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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