---
title: pony — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pony» in the school dictionary: A pony is a kind of small horse that stays small even when fully grown. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/pony/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [P](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/) / pony

# pony

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pony, that, people, children, I, Shetland ponies · **What happens:** be, stay, grow, use, ride, see · **To what, where:** kind, word, horse, pony, farm, wild ponies

<!-- .vabout -->
«pony» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pony in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pony.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pony is a kind of small horse that stays small even when fully grown.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pony:m1:1
# text = A pony is a kind of small horse that stays small even when fully grown.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pony	pony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	stays	stay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
11	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
12	even	even	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
13	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
14	fully	fully	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pony | a kind |  |  |  | of small horse | tree rules |
| 2 | **stay** | present | that |  |  |  |  | small *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **grow** | participle | that *not said here* |  |  |  |  | fully *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Informally, «pony» is a word some people use for a horse that children ride.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pony:m2:1
# text = Informally, «pony» is a word some people use for a horse that children ride.
1	Informally	informally	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	pony	pony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	obj	_	_
16	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	ride	ride	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | pony | a word |  |  |  | informally *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | present | some people | a word *not said here* |  |  |  | for a horse | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent word=Theme for horse=Eventuality |
| 3 | **ride** | present | children | a horse |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I rode a pony at the farm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pony:x1:1
# text = I rode a pony at the farm.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pony	pony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | I | a pony |  | the farm |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pony=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pony is shorter than most horses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pony:x2:1
# text = A pony is shorter than most horses.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pony	pony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	shorter	short	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a pony |  |  |  |  | than most horses; short *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shetland ponies are small but very strong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pony:x3:1
# text = Shetland ponies are small but very strong.
1	Shetland	shetland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	ponies	pony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Shetland ponies |  |  |  |  | small *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Shetland ponies *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw wild ponies on Dartmoor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pony:x4:1
# text = We saw wild ponies on Dartmoor.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	ponies	pony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Dartmoor	Dartmoor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | wild ponies |  | Dartmoor |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pony=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She grooms her pony every morning before school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pony:x5:1
# text = She grooms her pony every morning before school.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grooms	groom	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	pony	pony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **groom** | present | She | her pony |  |  | before school; morning |  | vn groom-41.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pony=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pony trotted round the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pony:x6:1
# text = The pony trotted round the field.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pony	pony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	trotted	trot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	round	round	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trot** | past | the pony |  |  | the field |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme round field=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My sister wears her hair in a ponytail.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pony:x7:1
# text = My sister wears her hair in a ponytail.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wears	wear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ponytail	ponytail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present | My sister | sister's hair |  | a ponytail |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent hair=Source |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Always walk behind a pony with care; it may kick if startled.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pony:x8:1
# text = Always walk behind a pony with care; it may kick if startled.
1	Always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
2	walk	walk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pony	pony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	kick	kick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
12	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	startled	startle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | behind a pony; with care; always *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind pony=Trajectory |
| 2 | **kick** | may | care |  |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **startle** *a condition, not said to happen* | participle | care *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When the bewildered woman reached her dwelling, she mounted a pony and rode swiftly across the rolling land.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pony:x9:1
# text = When the bewildered woman reached her dwelling, she mounted a pony and rode swiftly across the rolling land.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	bewildered	bewilder	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
6	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	dwelling	dwell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	mounted	mount	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	pony	pony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
15	swiftly	swiftly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	across	across	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	rolling	roll	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	amod	_	_
19	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bewilder** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **reach** | past | the bewildered woman | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent she=Theme |
| 3 | **dwell** | gerund | the bewildered woman *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **mount** | past | woman | a pony |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pony=Patient |
| 5 | **ride** | past | woman *not said here* |  |  | the rolling land |  | swiftly *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent across land=Trajectory |
| 6 | **roll** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [pong](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/pong/)
- next →: [ponytail](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/ponytail/)
- ↑ back to [P in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/)