---
title: popularise — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «popularise» in the school dictionary: To make something liked or known by many people: «The film popularised skateboarding.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# popularise

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ordinary people, Beatles, TV show, David, Writers, Social media · **What happens:** make, like, know, popularis, explain, understand · **To what, where:** something, hard subject, simple way, subject, long hair, 1960s

<!-- .vabout -->
«popularise» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [popularise in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/popularise.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make something liked or known by many people: «The film popularised skateboarding.».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:popularise:m1:1
# text = To make something liked or known by many people: «The film popularised skateboarding.».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	liked	like	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
14	popularised	popularis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	skateboarding	skateboarding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | film popularised skateboarding *obl* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product |
| 2 | **like** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **know** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by many people | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **popularis** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To explain a hard subject, like science or history, in a simple way so ordinary people can understand and enjoy it.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:popularise:m2:1
# text = To explain a hard subject, like science or history, in a simple way so ordinary people can understand and enjoy it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	explain	explain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
17	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
19	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	enjoy	enjoy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | ordinary people *not said here* | a hard subject |  | a simple way |  | like science or history | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic |
| 2 | **understand** | can | ordinary people |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **enjoy** | infinitive | ordinary people *not said here* | subject |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Beatles helped to popularise long hair for boys in the 1960s.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:popularise:x1:1
# text = The Beatles helped to popularise long hair for boys in the 1960s.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Beatles	Beatles	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	popularise	popularise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	1960s	1960s	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | the Beatles |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **popularise** | to-infinitive | the Beatles *not said here* | long hair |  | the 1960s |  | for boys | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That TV show popularised baking at home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:popularise:x2:1
# text = That TV show popularised baking at home.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	show	show	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	popularised	popularis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	baking	baking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **popularis** | participle | that TV show *not said here* | baking |  | home |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
David Attenborough popularised nature programmes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:popularise:x3:1
# text = David Attenborough popularised nature programmes.
1	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Attenborough	Attenborough	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	popularised	popularis	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	programmes	programme	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **popularis** | past | David | nature programmes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who popularised the game of Minecraft at our school?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:popularise:x4:1
# text = Who popularised the game of Minecraft at our school?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	popularised	popularis	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Minecraft	Minecraft	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **popularis** | past |  | the game of Minecraft |  | our school |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Writers like him popularise maths with fun puzzles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:popularise:x5:1
# text = Writers like him popularise maths with fun puzzles.
1	Writers	writer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	like	like	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	nmod	_	_
4	popularise	popularise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	fun	fun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	puzzles	puzzle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **popularise** | present | Writers like him | maths |  |  |  | with fun puzzles | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tea was popularised in England in the 1600s.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:popularise:x6:1
# text = Tea was popularised in England in the 1600s.
1	Tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	popularised	popularis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	1600s	1600	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **popularis** | past · passive |  | Tea |  | England |  | in the 1600s | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Social media can popularise a dance in just a few days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:popularise:x7:1
# text = Social media can popularise a dance in just a few days.
1	Social	social	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	media	media	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	popularise	popularise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dance	dance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	just	just	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **popularise** | can | Social media | a dance |  |  | day |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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