---
title: porcelain — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «porcelain» in the school dictionary: Porcelain is a hard, white, shiny material made by baking fine clay at very high heat; also called china. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# porcelain

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Porcelain, hard shiny material, skin, Gran, She, you · **What happens:** be, make, bake, call, mean, describe · **To what, where:** hard shiny material, fine clay, high heat, china, things, skin · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«porcelain» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [porcelain in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/porcelain.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Porcelain is a hard, white, shiny material made by baking fine clay at very high heat; also called china.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:porcelain:m1:1
# text = Porcelain is a hard, white, shiny material made by baking fine clay at very high heat; also called china.
1	Porcelain	porcelain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
8	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	baking	bake	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
13	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	clay	clay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	very	very	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
20	also	also	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
22	china	china	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Porcelain | a hard shiny material |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a hard shiny material *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **bake** | gerund |  | fine clay |  | high heat |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clay=Product |
| 4 | **call** | participle | a hard shiny material *not said here* | china |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Porcelain means things made of it, like cups, plates, dolls and vases.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:porcelain:m2:1
# text = Porcelain means things made of it, like cups, plates, dolls and vases.
1	Porcelain	porcelain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	cups	cup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	plates	plate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	dolls	doll	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	vases	vas	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Porcelain | things and cups and plates and dolls and vases |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | things and cups and plates and dolls and vases *not said here* |  |  |  | of Porcelain | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Porcelain describes skin that is very pale and smooth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:porcelain:m3:1
# text = Porcelain describes skin that is very pale and smooth.
1	Porcelain	porcelain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	pale	pale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | Porcelain | skin |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent skin=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | skin |  |  |  |  | pale *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | skin *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gran keeps her porcelain teacups in a glass cabinet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:porcelain:x1:1
# text = Gran keeps her porcelain teacups in a glass cabinet.
1	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	porcelain	porcelain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	teacups	teacup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	cabinet	cabinet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Gran | Gran's porcelain teacups |  | a glass cabinet |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent teacup=Theme in cabinet=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Porcelain was first made in China long ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:porcelain:x2:1
# text = Porcelain was first made in China long ago.
1	Porcelain	porcelain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	advmod	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
8	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | Porcelain |  | China |  | ago, first *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The porcelain vase smashed on the floor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:porcelain:x3:1
# text = The porcelain vase smashed on the floor.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	porcelain	porcelain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	vase	vase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	smashed	smash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smash** | participle |  | the porcelain vase *not said here* |  | the floor |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent on floor=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The toilet and sink are made of porcelain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:porcelain:x4:1
# text = The toilet and sink are made of porcelain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	toilet	toilet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	sink	sink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	porcelain	porcelain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | the toilet and sink |  |  |  | of porcelain | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She had a porcelain doll with painted cheeks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:porcelain:x5:1
# text = She had a porcelain doll with painted cheeks.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	porcelain	porcelain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	doll	doll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	painted	paint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	cheeks	cheek	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | She | a porcelain doll |  |  |  | with painted cheeks | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent doll=Patient |
| 2 | **paint** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hold it carefully — porcelain breaks easily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:porcelain:x6:1
# text = Hold it carefully — porcelain breaks easily.
1	Hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	porcelain	porcelain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	breaks	break	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
7	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | imperative | you *not said here* | it |  |  |  | carefully *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **break** | present | porcelain |  |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The walls and floors of porcelain glittered in the light of a thousand lamps.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:porcelain:x7:1
# text = The walls and floors of porcelain glittered in the light of a thousand lamps.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	floors	floor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	porcelain	porcelain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	glittered	glitter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glitter** | participle |  | porcelain *not said here* |  | the light of thousand lamps |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in light=Location |
| 2 | **light** |  |  | thousand lamps |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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