---
title: porphyry — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «porphyry» in the school dictionary: Porphyry is a hard rock, usually dark red or purple with small spots, used to build fine palaces and to carve statues. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# porphyry

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**Who acts:** Porphyry, He, statue · **What happens:** be, use, build, carve, climb, make · **To what, where:** hard rock, small spots, fine palaces, statues, huge staircase, castle

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«porphyry» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [porphyry in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/porphyry.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Porphyry is a hard rock, usually dark red or purple with small spots, used to build fine palaces and to carve statues.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:porphyry:m1:1
# text = Porphyry is a hard rock, usually dark red or purple with small spots, used to build fine palaces and to carve statues.
1	Porphyry	porphyry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	purple	purple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	palaces	palace	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	carve	carve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
24	statues	statue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Porphyry | a hard rock |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | small spots *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **build** | to-infinitive |  | fine palaces |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset palace=Product |
| 4 | **carve** | to-infinitive |  | statues |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent statue=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He climbed a huge staircase made of porphyry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:porphyry:x1:1
# text = He climbed a huge staircase made of porphyry.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	staircase	staircase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	porphyry	porphyry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | past | He | a huge staircase |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location staircase=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a huge staircase *not said here* |  |  |  | of porphyry | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The castle was built out of porphyry with a golden roof.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:porphyry:x2:1
# text = The castle was built out of porphyry with a golden roof.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	porphyry	porphyry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build out** | past · passive |  | the castle |  | porphyry with a golden roof |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary porphyry=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The statue stood on a base of polished porphyry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:porphyry:x3:1
# text = The statue stood on a base of polished porphyry.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	statue	statue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	base	base	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	polished	polish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	porphyry	porphyry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | the statue |  |  | a base of polished porphyry |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on base=Location |
| 2 | **polish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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