---
title: portrait — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «portrait» in the school dictionary: A portrait is a painting, drawing or photograph of a person, especially of the face. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# portrait

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** portrait, page, opposite, She, Mona Lisa, you · **What happens:** be, portray, mean, paint, draw, use · **To what, where:** painting, detailed description, village life, landscape, portrait, grandad · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«portrait» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [portrait in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/portrait.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A portrait is a painting, drawing or photograph of a person, especially of the face.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portrait:m1:1
# text = A portrait is a painting, drawing or photograph of a person, especially of the face.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	portrait	portrait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	painting	painting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	drawing	drawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	photograph	photograph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a portrait | a painting and drawing or photograph of a person and the face |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A portrait is a detailed description of someone or something in words or film («a portrait of village life»).

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portrait:m2:1
# text = A portrait is a detailed description of someone or something in words or film («a portrait of village life»).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	portrait	portrait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	detailed	detailed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	description	description	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	portrait	portrait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a portrait | a detailed description |  |  |  | of someone | tree rules |
| 2 | **portray** *in a quote* |  |  | village life |  |  |  |  | nom portrait «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Portrait (layout) means a page or screen that is taller than it is wide; the opposite is landscape.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portrait:m3:1
# text = Portrait (layout) means a page or screen that is taller than it is wide; the opposite is landscape.
1	Portrait	portrait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	layout	layout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	taller	tall	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	ccomp	_	_
13	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	opposite	opposite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	landscape	landscape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Portrait |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | a page or screen |  |  |  |  | tall *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | Portrait |  |  |  |  | wide *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | present | the opposite | landscape |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She painted a portrait of her grandad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portrait:x1:1
# text = She painted a portrait of her grandad.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	painted	paint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	portrait	portrait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	grandad	grandad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | past | She | a portrait of her grandad |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent portrait=Destination |
| 2 | **portray** |  |  | her grandad |  |  |  |  | nom portrait «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Mona Lisa is a famous portrait.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portrait:x2:1
# text = The Mona Lisa is a famous portrait.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Mona	Mona	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Lisa	Lisa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	portrait	portrait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Mona Lisa | a famous portrait |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Draw a self-portrait using a mirror.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portrait:x3:1
# text = Draw a self-portrait using a mirror.
1	Draw	draw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	portrait	portrait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mirror	mirror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | imperative | you *not said here* | a self portrait |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent portrait=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | gerund | you *not said here* | a mirror |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mirror=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old portraits of kings hang in the castle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portrait:x4:1
# text = Old portraits of kings hang in the castle.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	portraits	portrait	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	hang	hang	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | present | Old portraits of kings |  |  | the castle |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in castle=Location |
| 2 | **portray** |  |  | kings |  |  |  |  | nom portrait «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turn the page to portrait, not landscape.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portrait:x5:1
# text = Turn the page to portrait, not landscape.
1	Turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	portrait	portrait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	landscape	landscape	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | imperative | you *not said here* | the page |  | portrait |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent page=Theme to portrait=Trajectory |
| 2 | **not** **landscape** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The book gives a portrait of life in a mining town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portrait:x6:1
# text = The book gives a portrait of life in a mining town.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	portrait	portrait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	mining	mining	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | the book | a portrait of life |  | a mining town |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent portrait=Theme |
| 2 | **portray** |  |  | life |  |  |  |  | nom portrait «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A photographer took our class portrait.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portrait:x7:1
# text = A photographer took our class portrait.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	photographer	photographer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	portrait	portrait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | a photographer | our class portrait |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent portrait=Theme |
| 2 | **portray** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom portrait «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Could the portrait have flattered her?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portrait:x8:1
# text = Could the portrait have flattered her?
1	Could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	portrait	portrait	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	flattered	flatter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flatter** | could · perfect · passive |  | the portrait |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer she=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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