---
title: portuguese — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «portuguese» in the school dictionary: Portuguese means from or about Portugal. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# portuguese

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Portuguese, friend, People, We, Lisbon, Portuguese sailors · **What happens:** mean, be, speak, eat, explore, learn · **To what, where:** Portugal, language, people, Portuguese, home, Portuguese custard tarts · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«portuguese» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [portuguese in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/portuguese.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Portuguese means from or about Portugal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portuguese:m1:1
# text = Portuguese means from or about Portugal.
1	Portuguese	portuguese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Portuguese |  |  | Portugal |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Portuguese is the language spoken in Portugal, Brazil and several countries in Africa and Asia.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portuguese:m2:1
# text = Portuguese is the language spoken in Portugal, Brazil and several countries in Africa and Asia.
1	Portuguese	portuguese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Portuguese | the language |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  | the language *not said here* |  | Portugal and Brazil and several countries in Africa and Asia |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Portuguese are the people of Portugal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portuguese:m3:1
# text = The Portuguese are the people of Portugal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Portuguese	Portuguese	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Portuguese | the people |  |  |  | of Portugal | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend Ana speaks Portuguese at home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portuguese:x1:1
# text = My friend Ana speaks Portuguese at home.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	Ana	Ana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
4	speaks	speak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Portuguese	Portuguese	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | My friend | Portuguese |  | home |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People in Brazil speak Portuguese, not Spanish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portuguese:x2:1
# text = People in Brazil speak Portuguese, not Spanish.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Portuguese	Portuguese	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | People in Brazil | Portuguese |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We ate Portuguese custard tarts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portuguese:x3:1
# text = We ate Portuguese custard tarts.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Portuguese	portuguese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	custard	custard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	tarts	tart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | We | Portuguese custard tarts |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tart=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lisbon is the Portuguese capital.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portuguese:x4:1
# text = Lisbon is the Portuguese capital.
1	Lisbon	Lisbon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Portuguese	portuguese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lisbon | the Portuguese capital |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Portuguese sailors explored the coast of Africa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portuguese:x5:1
# text = Portuguese sailors explored the coast of Africa.
1	Portuguese	portuguese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	explored	explore	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explore** | past | Portuguese sailors | the coast of Africa |  |  |  |  | vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent coast=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is learning Portuguese at school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portuguese:x6:1
# text = She is learning Portuguese at school.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	Portuguese	Portuguese	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present · progressive | She | Portuguese |  | school |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent portuguese=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"That's just like the cat, she's a villain," said the Portuguese duck.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:portuguese:x7:1
# text = "That's just like the cat, she's a villain," said the Portuguese duck.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
15	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	Portuguese	portuguese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	duck	duck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | That |  |  |  |  | like the cat and a villain | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | she | a villain |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the cat and a villain | the Portuguese duck |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent duck=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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