---
title: postman — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «postman» in the school dictionary: A postman is a man whose job is to collect and deliver letters and parcels. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# postman

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** postman, job, woman, postal worker, dog, mail carrier · **What happens:** be, deliver, do, work, bring, come · **To what, where:** man, letters, job, postwoman, parcel, ten o'clock · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«postman» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [postman in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/postman.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A postman is a man whose job is to collect and deliver letters and parcels.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:postman:m1:1
# text = A postman is a man whose job is to collect and deliver letters and parcels.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	postman	postman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	collect	collect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	deliver	deliver	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
13	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	parcels	parcel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a postman | a man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | job |  |  |  |  | collect *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **deliver** | infinitive | job *not said here* | letters and parcels |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A woman who does this job is a postwoman; «mail carrier» or «postal worker» works for anyone.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:postman:m2:1
# text = A woman who does this job is a postwoman; «mail carrier» or «postal worker» works for anyone.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	postwoman	postwoman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	mail	mail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	carrier	carrier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	postal	postal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	worker	worker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
20	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | a woman | this job |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a woman | a postwoman |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **work** | present | postal worker |  |  |  |  | for anyone | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for anyone=Beneficiary |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The postman brought a parcel for me!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:postman:x1:1
# text = The postman brought a parcel for me!
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	postman	postman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	parcel	parcel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | the postman | a parcel |  |  |  | for me | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent parcel=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our postman comes at about ten o'clock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:postman:x2:1
# text = Our postman comes at about ten o'clock.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	postman	postman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	about	about	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	o'clock	o'clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Our postman |  |  | ten o'clock |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at o'clock=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog always barks at the postman.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:postman:x3:1
# text = The dog always barks at the postman.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	4	advmod	_	_
4	barks	bark	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	postman	postman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bark** | present | the dog |  |  |  |  | at the postman; always *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at postman=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the USA the mail carrier puts letters in the mailbox.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:postman:x4:1
# text = In the USA the mail carrier puts letters in the mailbox.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	mail	mail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	carrier	carrier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	puts	put	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	mailbox	mailbox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | present | the mail carrier | letters |  | the USA |  | in the mailbox | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent letter=Theme in usa=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Give the postman a smile and say thank you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:postman:x5:1
# text = Give the postman a smile and say thank you.
1	Give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	postman	postman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	smile	smile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
8	thank	thank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | imperative | you *not said here* | the postman |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent postman=Recipient smile=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **thank** *speech: thank* | present |  |  | you |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The postman rang the bell because the package was too big for the letterbox.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:postman:x6:1
# text = The postman rang the bell because the package was too big for the letterbox.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	postman	postman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rang	ring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	package	package	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	too	too	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	letterbox	letterbox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ring** | past | the postman | the bell |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bell=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | the package |  |  |  |  | for the letterbox; big *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then the postman gave me a letter; it was from you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:postman:x7:1
# text = Then the postman gave me a letter; it was from you.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	postman	postman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the postman | a letter | me |  | then |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | postman |  |  |  |  | from you | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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