---
title: postponement — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «postponement» in the school dictionary: A postponement is when an event is moved to a later time instead of happening when planned. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# postponement

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** match, We, postponement, Rain, school · **What happens:** be, happen, plan, have, cause, announce · **To what, where:** postponement, us

<!-- .vabout -->
«postponement» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [postponement in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/postponement.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A postponement is when an event is moved to a later time instead of happening when planned.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:postponement:m1:1
# text = A postponement is when an event is moved to a later time instead of happening when planned.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	postponement	postponement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	event	event	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	moved	move	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	later	late	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=SCONJ	15	mark	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	happening	happen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
16	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
17	planned	plan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present · passive |  | a postponement |  |  | time | move *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **happen** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **plan** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The match had a postponement because of snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:postponement:x1:1
# text = The match had a postponement because of snow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	postponement	postponement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the match | a postponement |  |  |  | because snow | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent postponement=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We were sad about the postponement of sports day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:postponement:x2:1
# text = We were sad about the postponement of sports day.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	postponement	postponement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	compound	_	_
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | We |  |  |  |  | about the postponement of sports day; sad *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The postponement was only for one week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:postponement:x3:1
# text = The postponement was only for one week.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	postponement	postponement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the postponement |  |  |  | for one week |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rain caused another postponement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:postponement:x4:1
# text = Rain caused another postponement.
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	postponement	postponement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | Rain | another postponement |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition postponement=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school announced a postponement of the trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:postponement:x5:1
# text = The school announced a postponement of the trip.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	announced	announce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	postponement	postponement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **announce** *speech: other* | past | the school | a postponement of the trip |  |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent postponement=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The postponement of the concert gave us more time to practise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:postponement:x6:1
# text = The postponement of the concert gave us more time to practise.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	postponement	postponement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	concert	concert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	iobj	_	_
8	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	practise	practise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the postponement of the concert |  | us |  | time |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |
| 2 | **practise** | to-infinitive | the postponement of the concert *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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