---
title: potion — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «potion» in the school dictionary: A potion is a drink made of mixed liquids that is supposed to have a special effect, such as magic, medicine or poison. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# potion

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** potion, magic drink, someone sleep, witch, you, sleeping potion · **What happens:** be, make, mix, suppose, have, heal · **To what, where:** drink, mixed liquids, special effect, magic drink, fairy tales, someone sleep · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«potion» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [potion in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/potion.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A potion is a drink made of mixed liquids that is supposed to have a special effect, such as magic, medicine or poison.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:potion:m1:1
# text = A potion is a drink made of mixed liquids that is supposed to have a special effect, such as magic, medicine or poison.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	potion	potion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	mixed	mix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	liquids	liquid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	supposed	suppose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	21	case	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	fixed	_	_
21	magic	magic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	poison	poison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a potion | a drink |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a drink *not said here* |  |  |  | of mixed liquids | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **mix** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **suppose** | present · passive |  | mixed liquids |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 5 | **have** | to-infinitive |  | a special effect  medicine or poison and magic |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In fairy tales and fantasy games, a potion is a magic drink that heals, makes someone sleep, fall in love or change shape.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:potion:m2:1
# text = In fairy tales and fantasy games, a potion is a magic drink that heals, makes someone sleep, fall in love or change shape.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	fairy	fairy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	fantasy	fantasy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	potion	potion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	magic	magic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	heals	heal	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
18	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	19	compound	_	_
19	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a potion | a magic drink |  | fairy tales and fantasy games |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **heal** | present | a magic drink |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | present | a magic drink *not said here* | someone sleep |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **fall** | infinitive | someone sleep *not said here* |  |  | love or change shape |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in love=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The witch stirred a bubbling potion in her cauldron.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:potion:x1:1
# text = The witch stirred a bubbling potion in her cauldron.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stirred	stir	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	bubbling	bubble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	potion	potion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	cauldron	cauldron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stir** | past | the witch | a bubbling potion |  | witch's cauldron |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus potion=Experiencer |
| 2 | **bubble** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drink the health potion to get your lives back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:potion:x2:1
# text = Drink the health potion to get your lives back.
1	Drink	drink	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	health	health	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	potion	potion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	lives	life	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	back	back	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drink** | imperative | you *not said here* | the health potion |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent potion=Patient |
| 2 | **get back** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | your lives |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer life=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the fairy tale, a sleeping potion put the princess to sleep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:potion:x3:1
# text = In the fairy tale, a sleeping potion put the princess to sleep.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	fairy	fairy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	sleeping	sleep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	amod	_	_
8	potion	potion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **put** | past | a sleeping potion | the princess |  | the fairy tale |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent princess=Theme in tale=Destination |
| 3 | **sleep** | to-infinitive | a sleeping potion *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made a pretend potion with water, glitter and food colouring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:potion:x4:1
# text = We made a pretend potion with water, glitter and food colouring.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	pretend	pretend	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	potion	potion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	glitter	glitter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	colouring	colouring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | a pretend potion and glitter and food colouring |  |  |  | with water | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent potion=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never drink a «potion» made from things in the cupboard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:potion:x5:1
# text = Never drink a «potion» made from things in the cupboard.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	drink	drink	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	potion	potion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cupboard	cupboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **drink** | imperative | you *not said here* | a potion |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent potion=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | participle | you *not said here* |  |  | things in the cupboard |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from thing=Material |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old doctors sold potions that did not really work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:potion:x6:1
# text = Old doctors sold potions that did not really work.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	doctors	doctor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	potions	potion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
6	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	really	really	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | past | Old doctors | potions |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent potion=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **work** | past · do-support | potions |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"It is only a sleeping potion," said the enchantress to Prince Jason.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:potion:x7:1
# text = "It is only a sleeping potion," said the enchantress to Prince Jason.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sleeping	sleep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	amod	_	_
7	potion	potion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	enchantress	enchantress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Jason	Jason	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | It | a sleeping potion |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the enchantress |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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