---
title: poverty — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «poverty» in the school dictionary: Being very poor; not having enough money for food, clothes or a home. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# poverty

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Many families, Charities, Poverty, school, He, Ending · **What happens:** be, not have, live, help, mean, eat · **To what, where:** enough money, poverty, people, food, doctor, world goal · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«poverty» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [poverty in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/poverty.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being very poor; not having enough money for food, clothes or a home.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poverty:m1:1
# text = Being very poor; not having enough money for food, clothes or a home.
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	cop	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | poor *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **have** | gerund |  | enough money |  |  |  | for food and clothes or a home | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lack of something: poverty of ideas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poverty:m2:1
# text = A lack of something: poverty of ideas.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lack	lack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	poverty	poverty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many families lived in poverty in Victorian times.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poverty:x1:1
# text = Many families lived in poverty in Victorian times.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	poverty	poverty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Victorian	victorian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | Many families |  |  | poverty | time |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in poverty=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Charities help people in poverty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poverty:x2:1
# text = Charities help people in poverty.
1	Charities	charity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	poverty	poverty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Charities |  | people | poverty |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Poverty means not having enough to eat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poverty:x3:1
# text = Poverty means not having enough to eat.
1	Poverty	poverty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	ccomp	_	_
5	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Poverty |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **have** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | enough *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **eat** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school collected food to fight poverty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poverty:x4:1
# text = Our school collected food to fight poverty.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	collected	collect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	poverty	poverty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | past | Our school | food |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme |
| 2 | **fight** | to-infinitive | Our school *not said here* | poverty |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poverty=Co-Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He grew up in poverty but became a doctor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poverty:x5:1
# text = He grew up in poverty but became a doctor.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	poverty	poverty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow up** | past | He |  |  | poverty |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in poverty=Location |
| 2 | **become** | past | He *not said here* | a doctor |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ending poverty is a world goal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poverty:x6:1
# text = Ending poverty is a world goal.
1	Ending	end	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	poverty	poverty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | gerund |  | poverty |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality poverty=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Ending | a world goal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was indeed poverty arrayed in rags.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poverty:x7:1
# text = It was indeed poverty arrayed in rags.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	poverty	poverty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	arrayed	array	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	rags	rag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | poverty |  |  |  | indeed *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **array** | participle |  | poverty *not said here* |  | rags |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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