---
title: powder — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «powder» in the school dictionary: A dry substance made of very tiny pieces, like flour, dust or crushed chalk. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# powder

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** skiers, you, Mum, Washing powder, Sugar powder, Fresh powder · **What happens:** make, crush, use, put, word, grind · **To what, where:** dry substance, special powder, powder, something, chalk, fine powder

<!-- .vabout -->
«powder» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [powder in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/powder.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dry substance made of very tiny pieces, like flour, dust or crushed chalk.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:powder:m1:1
# text = A dry substance made of very tiny pieces, like flour, dust or crushed chalk.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	crushed	crush	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	amod	_	_
16	chalk	chalk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a dry substance and flour and dust or crushed chalk *not said here* |  |  |  | of tiny pieces | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **crush** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A special powder used for a job: «washing powder», «baby powder», «talcum powder».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:powder:m2:1
# text = A special powder used for a job: «washing powder», «baby powder», «talcum powder».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	washing	washing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	talcum	talcum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | a special powder *not said here* |  |  |  | for a job | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To put powder on something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:powder:m3:1
# text = To put powder on something.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | to-infinitive |  | powder |  | something |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent powder=Theme on something=Destination |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fresh, light, dry snow (skiers' word).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:powder:m4:1
# text = Fresh, light, dry snow (skiers' word).
1	Fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	skiers	skier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	'	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **word** |  | skiers |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gunpowder (old use).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:powder:m5:1
# text = Gunpowder (old use).
1	Gunpowder	gunpowder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grind the chalk into a fine powder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:powder:x1:1
# text = Grind the chalk into a fine powder.
1	Grind	grind	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	chalk	chalk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grind** | imperative | you *not said here* | the chalk |  | a fine powder |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent chalk=Material into powder=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum added baking powder to the cake mix.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:powder:x2:1
# text = Mum added baking powder to the cake mix.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	added	add	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	baking	baking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	mix	mix	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | past | Mum | baking powder |  |  |  | to the cake mix | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent powder=Patient to mix=Co-Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Washing powder is poisonous; don't touch it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:powder:x3:1
# text = Washing powder is poisonous; don't touch it.
1	Washing	washing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	touch	touch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Washing powder |  |  |  |  | poisonous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **touch** | infinitive · do-support |  | powder |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sugar powder dissolves faster than sugar cubes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:powder:x4:1
# text = Sugar powder dissolves faster than sugar cubes.
1	Sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dissolves	dissolve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	cubes	cube	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dissolve** | present | Sugar powder |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fresh powder is great for skiing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:powder:x5:1
# text = Fresh powder is great for skiing.
1	Fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	skiing	skiing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Fresh powder |  |  |  |  | for skiing; great *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baby smelled of baby powder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:powder:x6:1
# text = The baby smelled of baby powder.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	smelled	smell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | past | the baby |  |  |  |  | of baby powder | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Location of powder=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never taste a powder you don't know.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:powder:x7:1
# text = Never taste a powder you don't know.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	taste	taste	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **taste** | imperative | you *not said here* | a powder |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Theme powder=Attribute |
| 2 | **not** **know** | present · do-support | you | a powder *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer powder=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Abandoning the fight he rushed into the powder magazine and fired it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:powder:x8:1
# text = Abandoning the fight he rushed into the powder magazine and fired it.
1	Abandoning	abandon	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	rushed	rush	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	magazine	magazine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	fired	fire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abandon** | gerund |  | the fight |  |  |  |  | vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme fight=Source |
| 2 | **rush** | past | he | the fight *not said here* |  | the powder magazine |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent fight=Theme into magazine=Trajectory |
| 3 | **fire** | past | he *not said here* | fight |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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