---
title: pram — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pram» in the school dictionary: A pram is a carriage with four wheels in which a baby lies down and is pushed along by an adult. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pram

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pram, baby, adult, Mum, you, She · **What happens:** be, lie down, push along, push, put, stop · **To what, where:** carriage, four wheels, baby, pram, brake, hood · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pram» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pram in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pram.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pram is a carriage with four wheels in which a baby lies down and is pushed along by an adult.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pram:m1:1
# text = A pram is a carriage with four wheels in which a baby lies down and is pushed along by an adult.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pram	pram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	carriage	carriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	lies	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
14	down	down	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	pushed	push	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
18	along	along	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pram | a carriage |  |  |  | with four wheels | tree rules |
| 2 | **lie down** | present | a baby |  |  | four wheels |  | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in which=Location |
| 3 | **push along** | present · passive | a adult |  |  |  |  | along *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum pushed the baby in his pram.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pram:x1:1
# text = Mum pushed the baby in his pram.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pushed	push	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	pram	pram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | past | Mum | the baby |  | his pram |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent baby=Theme in pram=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put the brake on the pram when you stop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pram:x2:1
# text = Put the brake on the pram when you stop.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	brake	brake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pram	pram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	stop	stop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | the brake |  | the pram |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent brake=Theme on pram=Destination |
| 2 | **stop** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pram has a hood to keep off the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pram:x3:1
# text = The pram has a hood to keep off the sun.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pram	pram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hood	hood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the pram | a hood |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hood=Patient |
| 2 | **keep off** | to-infinitive | the pram *not said here* | the sun. |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sun.=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She fell asleep in her pram on the way home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pram:x4:1
# text = She fell asleep in her pram on the way home.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	pram	pram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	home	home	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | She |  |  | her pram |  | on the way; asleep *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in pram=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We need a ramp to get the pram up the steps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pram:x5:1
# text = We need a ramp to get the pram up the steps.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ramp	ramp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pram	pram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | We | a ramp |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot ramp=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | the pram |  |  |  | up the steps | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pram=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pram rolled away because the brake was off.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pram:x6:1
# text = The pram rolled away because the brake was off.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pram	pram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rolled	roll	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	away	away	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	brake	brake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll away** | past | the pram |  |  |  |  | because the brake; away *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In America they call it a baby carriage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pram:x7:1
# text = In America they call it a baby carriage.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	carriage	carriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | they | it |  | America |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little sister is too big for the pram now.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pram:x8:1
# text = My little sister is too big for the pram now.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pram	pram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My little sister |  |  |  | now | for the pram; big *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Oh, no; girls, you know, are much too clever to fall out of their prams.”

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pram:x9:1
# text = “Oh, no; girls, you know, are much too clever to fall out of their prams.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	no	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	2	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	much	much	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	too	too	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
17	out	out	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	prams	pram	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** *in a quote* | present | you | girls *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer girl=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | girls |  |  |  |  | clever *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **fall** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | girls *not said here* |  |  | girls's prams |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme out pram=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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