---
title: preclude — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «preclude» in the school dictionary: To prevent something from happening, or make it impossible. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# preclude

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** injury, His, Bad weather, broken arm, rules, Preclude · **What happens:** prevent, happen, make, stop, do, preclude · **To what, where:** something, it, someone, him, school trip, final · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«preclude» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [preclude in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/preclude.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To prevent something from happening, or make it impossible.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preclude:m1:1
# text = To prevent something from happening, or make it impossible.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	prevent	prevent	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	happening	happen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	impossible	impossible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prevent** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer something=Theme |
| 2 | **happen** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | infinitive |  | it |  |  |  | impossible *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stop someone from doing something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preclude:m2:1
# text = To stop someone from doing something.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality someone=Eventuality |
| 2 | **do** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"His injury precluded him from playing."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preclude:m2e:1
# text = "His injury precluded him from playing."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	precluded	preclude	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	playing	play	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preclude** *in a quote* | past | His injury | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn exclude-107.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 2 | **play** *in a quote* | gerund | His injury *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **injure** *in a quote* |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom injury «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bad weather precluded the school trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preclude:x1:1
# text = Bad weather precluded the school trip.
1	Bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	precluded	preclude	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preclude** | past | Bad weather | the school trip |  |  |  |  | vn exclude-107.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trip=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His broken arm precluded him from playing in the final.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preclude:x2:1
# text = His broken arm precluded him from playing in the final.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	precluded	preclude	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	playing	play	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	final	final	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **preclude** | past | His broken arm | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn exclude-107.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 3 | **play** | gerund | His broken arm *not said here* |  |  | the final |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being young does not preclude you from having good ideas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preclude:x3:1
# text = Being young does not preclude you from having good ideas.
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	cop	_	_
2	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	csubj	_	_
3	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	preclude	preclude	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
9	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | young *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **preclude** | present · do-support |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn exclude-107.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |
| 3 | **have** | gerund |  | good ideas |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rules preclude using a calculator in this test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preclude:x4:1
# text = The rules preclude using a calculator in this test.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	preclude	preclude	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	calculator	calculator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preclude** | infinitive | the rules |  |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **use** | gerund | the rules *not said here* | a calculator |  | this test |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calculator=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Preclude" is a formal way to say "rule out".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preclude:x5:1
# text = "Preclude" is a formal way to say "rule out".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Preclude	Preclude	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Preclude | a formal way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  | rule |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent rule=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lack of money precluded any repairs to the hall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preclude:x6:1
# text = Lack of money precluded any repairs to the hall.
1	Lack	lack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	precluded	preclude	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	repairs	repair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preclude** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer |
| 2 | **lack** |  |  | money |  |  |  |  | nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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