---
title: preparation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «preparation» in the school dictionary: Preparation is getting ready for something or making something ready. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# preparation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Preparation, Preparations, you, We, Good preparation, trip · **What happens:** get, make, be, do, start, help · **To what, where:** something, things, mixture, preparations, you, class

<!-- .vabout -->
«preparation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [preparation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/preparation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Preparation is getting ready for something or making something ready.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preparation:m1:1
# text = Preparation is getting ready for something or making something ready.
1	Preparation	preparation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	getting	get	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	_
10	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present · progressive | Preparation |  |  |  |  | ready *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **make** | gerund | Preparation *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Preparations are the things you do to get ready for an event.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preparation:m2:1
# text = Preparations are the things you do to get ready for an event.
1	Preparations	preparation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
9	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	event	event	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Preparations | the things |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | present | you | the things *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality |
| 3 | **get** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | ready *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A preparation is a mixture made for a use, like a medicine or cream.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preparation:m3:1
# text = A preparation is a mixture made for a use, like a medicine or cream.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	preparation	preparation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mixture	mixture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a preparation | a mixture |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a mixture *not said here* |  |  |  | for a use | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent for use=Asset |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Preparation for the test starts this week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preparation:x1:1
# text = Preparation for the test starts this week.
1	Preparation	preparation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | Preparation for the test |  |  |  | week |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Preparation time: 15 minutes. Cooking time: 20 minutes.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Preparation time: 15 minutes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preparation:x2:1
# text = Preparation time: 15 minutes.
1	Preparation	preparation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Cooking time: 20 minutes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preparation:x2:2
# text = Cooking time: 20 minutes.
1	Cooking	cooking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made preparations for the party.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preparation:x3:1
# text = We made preparations for the party.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	preparations	preparation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | preparations |  |  |  | for the party | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent preparation=Product for party=Asset |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good preparation helps you feel calm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preparation:x4:1
# text = Good preparation helps you feel calm.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	preparation	preparation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	calm	calm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Good preparation | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **feel** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | calm *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The class rehearsed in preparation for the play.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preparation:x5:1
# text = The class rehearsed in preparation for the play.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	rehearsed	rehearse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	preparation	preparation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rehearse** | participle |  | the class *not said here* |  | preparation |  | for the play | vn rehearse-26.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Without preparation, the trip went badly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preparation:x6:1
# text = Without preparation, the trip went badly.
1	Without	without	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	preparation	preparation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the trip |  |  |  |  | without preparation; badly *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A preparation of herbs was used as medicine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preparation:x7:1
# text = A preparation of herbs was used as medicine.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	preparation	preparation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	herbs	herb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past · passive |  | a preparation of herbs |  |  |  | as medicine | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Duration as medicine=Attribute |
| 2 | **prepare** |  |  | herbs |  |  |  |  | nom preparation «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If preparation takes 15 minutes and cooking 25, the meal takes 40 minutes.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preparation:x8:1
# text = If preparation takes 15 minutes and cooking 25, the meal takes 40 minutes.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	preparation	preparation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
4	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	cooking	cook	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
8	25	25	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | preparation |  |  |  | minute |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cook** | gerund | preparation *not said here* | 25 |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent 25=Patient |
| 3 | **take** | present | the meal |  |  |  | minute |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So he went back to his hut, and at once set about his preparations.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preparation:x9:1
# text = So he went back to his hut, and at once set about his preparations.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	hut	hut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	12	obl	_	_
12	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
13	about	about	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	preparations	preparation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go back** | past | he | set about his preparations |  |  |  | to his hut *result* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to hut=Result |
| 2 | **prepare** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom preparation «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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