---
title: presbyter — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «presbyter» in the school dictionary: An elder or leader of a local church in the early Christian Church. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# presbyter

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** elder, presbyters, Bible, Paul, church, elders · **What happens:** help, lead, care, say, meet, be · **To what, where:** congregation, early Church, presbyters, Presbyterian, church, bishop · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«presbyter» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [presbyter in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/presbyter.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An elder or leader of a local church in the early Christian Church.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presbyter:m1:1
# text = An elder or leader of a local church in the early Christian Church.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	elder	elder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	Christian	Christian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	Church	Church	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In some churches, a priest; in Presbyterian churches, an elder who helps lead the congregation.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presbyter:m2:1
# text = In some churches, a priest; in Presbyterian churches, an elder who helps lead the congregation.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	churches	church	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	priest	priest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	Presbyterian	presbyterian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	churches	church	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	elder	elder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	lead	lead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	congregation	congregation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | a elder |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **lead** | infinitive | a elder *not said here* | the congregation |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent congregation=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the early Church, presbyters cared for the believers in each town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presbyter:x1:1
# text = In the early Church, presbyters cared for the believers in each town.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	presbyters	presbyter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	cared	care	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	believers	believer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **care** | past | presbyters |  |  | the early Church |  | for the believers; in each town | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for believer=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Bible says Paul met the presbyters of the church in Ephesus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presbyter:x2:1
# text = The Bible says Paul met the presbyters of the church in Ephesus.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Paul	Paul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	presbyters	presbyter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Ephesus	Ephesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Bible |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **meet** | past | Paul | the presbyters of the church in Ephesus |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent presbyter=Co-Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our church is Presbyterian, which means it is led by elders.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presbyter:x3:1
# text = Our church is Presbyterian, which means it is led by elders.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	Presbyterian	Presbyterian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	ccomp	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	elders	elder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Our church | Presbyterian |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **lead** | present · passive | elders | church |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A presbyter helped the bishop with services.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presbyter:x4:1
# text = A presbyter helped the bishop with services.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	presbyter	presbyter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bishop	bishop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	services	service	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | a presbyter | the bishop |  |  |  | with services | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent bishop=Beneficiary with service=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new presbyter was ordained on Sunday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presbyter:x5:1
# text = The new presbyter was ordained on Sunday.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	presbyter	presbyter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	ordained	ordain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Sunday	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ordain** | past · passive |  | the new presbyter |  |  | sunday |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In some churches the word presbyter means the same as priest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presbyter:x6:1
# text = In some churches the word presbyter means the same as priest.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	churches	church	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	presbyter	presbyter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obj	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	priest	priest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the word presbyter | the same |  |  |  | in some churches | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot same=Theme in church=Attribute |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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