---
title: present — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «present» in the school dictionary: A present is a gift you give someone, for example on a birthday. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# present

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** present, you, present tense, She, 23 pupils, 4 · **What happens:** be, give, mean, present, show, talk · **To what, where:** gift, someone, birthday, time, pre-ZENT, grammar · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«present» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [present in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/present.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A present is a gift you give someone, for example on a birthday.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:present:m1:1
# text = A present is a gift you give someone, for example on a birthday.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a present | a gift |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | present | you | someone |  | a birthday |  | for example | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent someone=Theme for example=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Present means being here, in this place: «present in class».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:present:m2:1
# text = Present means being here, in this place: «present in class».
1	Present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Present |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | here *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The present is now, this time, not the past or the future.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:present:m3:1
# text = The present is now, this time, not the past or the future.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	future	future	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the present | this time |  |  | now |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To present (pre-ZENT) is to give something formally, or to show and talk about something to a group.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:present:m4:1
# text = To present (pre-ZENT) is to give something formally, or to show and talk about something to a group.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	present	present	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	pre-ZENT	pre-zent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	_
10	formally	formally	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	talk	talk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
17	about	about	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	16	obl	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **present** | to-infinitive |  | pre-ZENT |  |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pre-zent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | formally, give *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **show** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **talk** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | about something; to a group | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.topic»: agent=Agent about something=Topic to group=Co-Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In grammar, the present tense tells about now: «I walk».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:present:m5:1
# text = In grammar, the present tense tells about now: «I walk».
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	grammar	grammar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	tense	tense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	about	about	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	walk	walk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the present tense |  |  | grammar | now |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **walk** *in a quote* | present | the present tense *= tense* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She got 7 presents for her birthday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:present:x1:1
# text = She got 7 presents for her birthday.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	presents	present	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | She | 7 presents |  |  |  | for her birthday | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent present=Theme for birthday=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
23 pupils are present today and 4 are absent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:present:x2:1
# text = 23 pupils are present today and 4 are absent.
1	23	23	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | 23 pupils |  |  |  | today | present *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | 4 |  |  |  |  | absent *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each present costs 5 dollars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:present:x3:1
# text = Each present costs 5 dollars.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | each present | 5 dollars |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His present age is 9; how old will he be in 5 years?

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:present:x4:1
# text = His present age is 9; how old will he be in 5 years?
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	_
9	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	cop	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | His present age | 9 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | future | he |  |  |  | in 5 years |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We each presented our project to the class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:present:x5:1
# text = We each presented our project to the class.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	nsubj	_	_
3	presented	present	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **present** | past | We | our project | the class |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent project=Theme to class=Recipient |
| 2 | **project** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom project «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The head teacher presented the prizes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:present:x6:1
# text = The head teacher presented the prizes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	presented	present	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	prizes	prize	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **present** | past | the head teacher | the prizes |  |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prize=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«I play» is in the present tense.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:present:x7:1
# text = «I play» is in the present tense.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	play	play	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	tense	tense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** *in a quote* | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | the present tense |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At present, the shop is closed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:present:x8:1
# text = At present, the shop is closed.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | present · passive |  | the shop |  | present |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wrap the present in bright paper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:present:x9:1
# text = Wrap the present in bright paper.
1	Wrap	wrap	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wrap** | imperative | you *not said here* | the present |  | bright paper |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent present=Theme in paper=Destination |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Take it pray, as a present!"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:present:x10:1
# text = "Take it pray, as a present!"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	pray	pray	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* | it |  |  |  | as a present | tree rules |
| 2 | **pray** *in a quote* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [presence](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/presence/)
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- ↑ back to [P in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/)