---
title: preserve — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «preserve» in the school dictionary: To keep something safe from harm, damage or change: preserve old buildings, preserve wildlife. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# preserve

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** food, Salt, We, Grandma, turn, Freezing · **What happens:** keep, preserve, treat, last, dry, salt · **To what, where:** something, harm, old buildings, wildlife, food, jam

<!-- .vabout -->
«preserve» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [preserve in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/preserve.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To keep something safe from harm, damage or change: preserve old buildings, preserve wildlife.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserve:m1:1
# text = To keep something safe from harm, damage or change: preserve old buildings, preserve wildlife.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	preserve	preserve	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	buildings	building	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	preserve	preserve	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
17	wildlife	wildlife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  | something |  | harm and damage or change |  |  | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer something=Beneficiary from harm=Eventuality |
| 2 | **preserve** | infinitive |  | old buildings |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent building=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **preserve** | infinitive |  | wildlife |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wildlife=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To treat food so it lasts a long time, by drying, salting, freezing, pickling or making jam.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserve:m2:1
# text = To treat food so it lasts a long time, by drying, salting, freezing, pickling or making jam.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	treat	treat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	lasts	last	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	drying	dry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	salting	salt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	freezing	freeze	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	pickling	pickle	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	conj	_	_
21	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | to-infinitive |  | food |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent food=Recipient |
| 2 | **last** | present | food |  |  |  | time |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **dry** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **salt** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **freeze** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **pickle** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 7 | **make** | gerund |  | jam |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset jam=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jam or fruit cooked with sugar to keep: strawberry preserves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserve:m3:1
# text = Jam or fruit cooked with sugar to keep: strawberry preserves.
1	Jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	cooked	cook	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	strawberry	strawberry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	preserves	preserve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cook** | participle |  | fruit *not said here* |  |  |  | with sugar | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Patient with sugar=Instrument |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An area kept for wild animals, or something that belongs to only one group: «a game preserve».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserve:m4:1
# text = An area kept for wild animals, or something that belongs to only one group: «a game preserve».
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	appos	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	belongs	belong	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	only	only	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	preserve	preserve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | participle |  | a area *not said here* |  |  |  | for wild animals | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **belong** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to one group  a game preserve | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Salt helps preserve fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserve:x1:1
# text = Salt helps preserve fish.
1	Salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	preserve	preserve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
4	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Salt |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **preserve** | infinitive | Salt *not said here* |  | fish |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Beneficiary |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The insect was preserved in amber for millions of years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserve:x2:1
# text = The insect was preserved in amber for millions of years.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	amber	amber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | past · passive |  | the insect |  | amber |  | for millions of years | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We must preserve the rainforest for future people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserve:x3:1
# text = We must preserve the rainforest for future people.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	preserve	preserve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	future	future	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | must | We | the rainforest |  |  |  | for future people | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rainforest=Beneficiary |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma makes plum preserves every autumn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserve:x4:1
# text = Grandma makes plum preserves every autumn.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	plum	plum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	preserves	preserve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Grandma | plum preserves |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent preserve=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mammoth was preserved in the ice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserve:x5:1
# text = The mammoth was preserved in the ice.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mammoth	mammoth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | past · passive |  | the mammoth |  | the ice |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A turn preserves the size and shape of a triangle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserve:x6:1
# text = A turn preserves the size and shape of a triangle.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	preserves	preserve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	triangle	triangle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | present | a turn | the size and shape of a triangle |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent size=Beneficiary |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old castle is well preserved.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserve:x7:1
# text = The old castle is well preserved.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
6	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | present · passive |  | the old castle |  |  |  | well *property* | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Freezing preserves food for months.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserve:x8:1
# text = Freezing preserves food for months.
1	Freezing	freezing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	preserves	preserve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | present | Freezing | food |  |  | month |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Beneficiary |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I should have liked to preserve a specimen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserve:x9:1
# text = I should have liked to preserve a specimen.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux	_	_
4	liked	like	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	preserve	preserve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	specimen	specimen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | should · perfect | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **preserve** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | a specimen |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent specimen=Beneficiary |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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