---
title: preserved — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «preserved» in the school dictionary: Kept safe from harm or change. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# preserved

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Food, long time, Gran, Salt, Indian Government · **What happens:** keep, treat, dry, last, go, preserve · **To what, where:** harm, salt, old state, good condition, mammoth, ice

<!-- .vabout -->
«preserved» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [preserved in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/preserved.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kept safe from harm or change.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserved:m1:1
# text = Kept safe from harm or change.
1	Kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | participle |  |  |  | harm or change |  | safe *property* | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer from harm=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Food treated (with salt, sugar, vinegar, cold or drying) so it lasts a long time without going bad.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserved:m2:1
# text = Food treated (with salt, sugar, vinegar, cold or drying) so it lasts a long time without going bad.
1	Food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
2	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	vinegar	vinegar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	drying	dry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
15	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	lasts	last	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
21	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
22	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	acl	_	_
23	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | participle | Food *not said here* | salt and sugar and vinegar |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent salt=Recipient |
| 2 | **dry** | gerund | Food *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **last** | present | Food |  |  |  | time |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **go** | gerund | a long time *not said here* |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kept in its old state, like a building, a fossil or a mummy.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserved:m3:1
# text = Kept in its old state, like a building, a fossil or a mummy.
1	Kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	fossil	fossil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	mummy	mummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | participle |  |  |  | its old state |  | like a building | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in state=Location |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Well kept, in good condition: well-preserved.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserved:m4:1
# text = Well kept, in good condition: well-preserved.
1	Well	well	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	condition	condition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | participle |  |  |  | good condition |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in condition=Location |
| 2 | **preserve** | participle |  | good condition *not said here* |  |  |  | well *property* | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mammoth was preserved in the ice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserved:x1:1
# text = The mammoth was preserved in the ice.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mammoth	mammoth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | past · passive |  | the mammoth |  | the ice |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gran preserved the plums in jars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserved:x2:1
# text = Gran preserved the plums in jars.
1	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	plums	plum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	jars	jar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | past | Gran | the plums |  | jars |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plum=Beneficiary |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old castle has been preserved for visitors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserved:x3:1
# text = The old castle has been preserved for visitors.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	visitors	visitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | present · perfect · passive |  | the old castle |  |  |  | for visitors | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Salt preserved fish on long sea journeys.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserved:x4:1
# text = Salt preserved fish on long sea journeys.
1	Salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	journeys	journey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | past | Salt |  | fish | long sea journeys |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Beneficiary |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The insect was preserved in amber.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserved:x5:1
# text = The insect was preserved in amber.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	amber	amber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | past · passive |  | the insect |  | amber |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This forest is preserved as a nature reserve.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserved:x6:1
# text = This forest is preserved as a nature reserve.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	reserve	reserve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | present · passive |  | this forest |  |  |  | as a nature reserve | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old car was beautifully preserved.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserved:x7:1
# text = The old car was beautifully preserved.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	beautifully	beautifully	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | past · passive |  | the old car |  |  |  | beautifully *property* | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Elephants are very strictly preserved by the Indian Government.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserved:x8:1
# text = Elephants are very strictly preserved by the Indian Government.
1	Elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	strictly	strictly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | present · passive | the Indian Government | Elephants |  |  |  | strictly *property* | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Beneficiary |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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