---
title: preserves — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «preserves» in the school dictionary: Jam, jelly or fruit cooked with sugar and kept in jars. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# preserves

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Football, strawberry preserves, Grandma, Salt, freezer, Amber · **What happens:** cook, keep, go, be, preserve, not rot · **To what, where:** fruit, jars, area, preserve, fish, food

<!-- .vabout -->
«preserves» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [preserves in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/preserves.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jam, jelly or fruit cooked with sugar and kept in jars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserves:m1:1
# text = Jam, jelly or fruit cooked with sugar and kept in jars.
1	Jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	jelly	jelly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	cooked	cook	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	jars	jar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cook** | participle |  | fruit *not said here* |  |  |  | with sugar | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Patient with sugar=Instrument |
| 2 | **keep** | participle |  |  |  | jars |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in jar=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, he/she preserves — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keeps something safe, unharmed or from going bad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserves:m2:1
# text = Keeps something safe, unharmed or from going bad.
1	Keeps	keep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	compound	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
3	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	unharmed	unharmed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
9	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An area kept for one group or use: a nature preserve; «Football was the boys' preserve.».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserves:m3:1
# text = An area kept for one group or use: a nature preserve; «Football was the boys' preserve.».
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	preserve	preserve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Football	Football	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	'	's	PART	POS	_	18	case	_	_
20	preserve	preserve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | participle |  | a area *not said here* |  |  |  | for one group or use  a nature preserve | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | Football | the boys's preserve |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma's strawberry preserves are the best.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserves:x1:1
# text = Grandma's strawberry preserves are the best.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	strawberry	strawberry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	preserves	preserve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Grandma's strawberry preserves |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **preserve** |  | Grandma |  |  |  |  |  | nom preserve «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Salt preserves fish so it doesn't rot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserves:x2:1
# text = Salt preserves fish so it doesn't rot.
1	Salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	preserves	preserve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	rot	rot	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | present | Salt |  | fish |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **not** **rot** | present · do-support | Salt |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The freezer preserves food for months.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserves:x3:1
# text = The freezer preserves food for months.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	freezer	freezer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	preserves	preserve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | present | the freezer | food |  |  | month |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Beneficiary |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Amber preserves tiny insects for millions of years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserves:x4:1
# text = Amber preserves tiny insects for millions of years.
1	Amber	amber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	preserves	preserve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | present | Amber |  | tiny insects |  |  | for millions of years | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Beneficiary |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The park preserves rare birds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserves:x5:1
# text = The park preserves rare birds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	preserves	preserve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | present | the park |  | rare birds |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Beneficiary |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We bought apricot preserves at the market.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserves:x6:1
# text = We bought apricot preserves at the market.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	apricot	apricot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	preserves	preserve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | We | apricot preserves |  | the market |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent preserve=Theme at market=Asset |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old man now went into the other room to fetch preserves, apples, and nuts--yes, it was delightful over there in the old house.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preserves:x7:1
# text = The old man now went into the other room to fetch preserves, apples, and nuts--yes, it was delightful over there in the old house.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	fetch	fetch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
12	preserves	preserve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	nuts	nut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	23	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	delightful	delightful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
24	over	over	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	23	advmod	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the old man |  |  | the other room | now |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into room=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **fetch** | to-infinitive | the old man *not said here* | preserves and apples and nuts |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent preserve=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | room |  |  | the old house; there |  | delightful *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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