---
title: preside — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «preside» in the school dictionary: To be in charge of a meeting, ceremony, court or event: «The judge presided over the trial.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# preside

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** He, head teacher, King, Gran, Terminus, god · **What happens:** be, preside, give, preside over · **To what, where:** charge, judge, trial, control, mayor, meeting

<!-- .vabout -->
«preside» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [preside in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/preside.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be in charge of a meeting, ceremony, court or event: «The judge presided over the trial.».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preside:m1:1
# text = To be in charge of a meeting, ceremony, court or event: «The judge presided over the trial.».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	meeting	meeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	ceremony	ceremony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	event	event	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
18	presided	preside	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	over	over	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	trial	trial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | charge |  | of a meeting  court or event | tree rules |
| 2 | **preside** *in a quote* | participle |  | the judge *not said here* |  | the trial |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be in control of a situation or period: «He presided over a time of peace.».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preside:m2:1
# text = To be in control of a situation or period: «He presided over a time of peace.».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	advcl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	situation	situation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	presided	preside	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	over	over	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  | control |  | of a situation or period | tree rules |
| 2 | **preside** *in a quote* | past | He |  |  |  | time |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The judge presided over the trial.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preside:x1:1
# text = The judge presided over the trial.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	presided	preside	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	trial	trial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preside** | participle |  | the judge *not said here* |  | the trial |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The head teacher presided at the prize-giving.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preside:x2:1
# text = The head teacher presided at the prize-giving.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	presided	preside	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	prize	prize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preside** | past | the head teacher |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | gerund | the head teacher *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The King of Hearts presided over the trial in Wonderland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preside:x3:1
# text = The King of Hearts presided over the trial in Wonderland.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Hearts	Heart	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	presided	preside	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	trial	trial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Wonderland	Wonderland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preside** | past | the King of Hearts |  |  | the trial |  | in Wonderland | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mayor presided over the meeting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preside:x4:1
# text = The mayor presided over the meeting.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mayor	mayor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	presided	preside	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	meeting	meeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preside** | participle |  | the mayor *not said here* |  | the meeting |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The priest presided at the wedding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preside:x5:1
# text = The priest presided at the wedding.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	priest	priest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	presided	preside	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wedding	wedding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preside** | participle |  | the priest *not said here* |  | the wedding |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gran presided over the Christmas dinner table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preside:x6:1
# text = Gran presided over the Christmas dinner table.
1	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	presided	preside	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preside** | past | Gran |  |  | the Christmas dinner table |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Terminus was the god who presided over all boundaries and landmarks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:preside:x7:1
# text = Terminus was the god who presided over all boundaries and landmarks.
1	Terminus	Terminus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	god	god	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	presided	preside	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	over	over	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	boundaries	boundary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	landmarks	landmark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Terminus | the god |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **preside over** | past | the god | all boundaries and landmarks |  |  |  | over *property* | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent boundary=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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