---
title: president — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «president» in the school dictionary: A president is the leader of a country that has no king or queen, usually chosen by the people in an election. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# president

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** president, that, Ireland, he, magistrate, Ib · **What happens:** be, have, choose, charge, give, live · **To what, where:** leader, king, person, charge, club, speech

<!-- .vabout -->
«president» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [president in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/president.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A president is the leader of a country that has no king or queen, usually chosen by the people in an election.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:president:m1:1
# text = A president is the leader of a country that has no king or queen, usually chosen by the people in an election.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
11	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	12	det	_	_
12	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	chosen	choose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl:agent	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a president | the leader |  |  |  | of a country | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | that | no king or queen |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent king=Patient |
| 3 | **choose** | participle |  | no king or queen *not said here* |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A president is the person in charge of a club, company, college or organisation.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:president:m2:1
# text = A president is the person in charge of a club, company, college or organisation.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	college	college	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	organisation	organisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a president | the person and company and college or organisation |  | charge of a club |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **charge** |  |  | a club |  |  |  |  | nom charge «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The President gave a speech on television.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:president:x1:1
# text = The President gave a speech on television.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	President	President	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	television	television	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the President | a speech |  | television |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.asset»: agent=Agent speech=Theme on television=Asset |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ireland has a president who lives in Dublin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:president:x2:1
# text = Ireland has a president who lives in Dublin.
1	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Dublin	Dublin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Ireland | a president |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent president=Patient |
| 2 | **live** | present | a president |  |  | Dublin |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dublin=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was elected president of the school council.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:president:x3:1
# text = She was elected president of the school council.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	elected	elect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **elect** | past · passive |  | She |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The president of the chess club organised the competition.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:president:x4:1
# text = The president of the chess club organised the competition.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	chess	chess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	organised	organise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	competition	competition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **organise** | past | the president of the chess club | the competition |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The President of the United States lives in the White House.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:president:x5:1
# text = The President of the United States lives in the White House.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	President	President	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	United	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	White	White	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	House	House	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | the President of the United States |  |  | the White House |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in house=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who will be the next president?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:president:x6:1
# text = Who will be the next president?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | future |  | the next president |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then he went to the magistrate, who informed the president of the museum of the discovery, and advised Ib to take the treasures himself to the president.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:president:x7:1
# text = Then he went to the magistrate, who informed the president of the museum of the discovery, and advised Ib to take the treasures himself to the president.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	magistrate	magistrate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	informed	inform	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	discovery	discovery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	advised	advise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
21	Ib	Ib	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	treasures	treasure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
26	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	23	obl:unmarked	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | he |  |  | the magistrate | then |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to magistrate=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **inform** *speech: other* | past | the magistrate | the president of the museum of the discovery |  |  |  |  | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent president=Recipient |
| 3 | **advise** *speech: other* | past | he *not said here* | Ib |  |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S\_INF»: agent=Agent ib=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **take** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Ib *not said here* | the treasures |  | the president |  | Ib *obl:unmarked* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent treasure=Theme to president=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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