---
title: presidential — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «presidential» in the school dictionary: Presidential means to do with a president, the elected leader of a country such as the USA, France or Ireland, or the head of a club or company («a presidential election»). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# presidential

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Presidential, USA, France, Ireland, He · **What happens:** mean, do, elect, look, act, have · **To what, where:** presidential election, presidential candidates, presidential palace, presidential system, presidential plane · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«presidential» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [presidential in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/presidential.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Presidential means to do with a president, the elected leader of a country such as the USA, France or Ireland, or the head of a club or company («a presidential election»).

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presidential:m1:1
# text = Presidential means to do with a president, the elected leader of a country such as the USA, France or Ireland, or the head of a club or company («a presidential election»).
1	Presidential	presidential	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	elected	elect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	18	case	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
30	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	_
32	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	presidential	presidential	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Presidential |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with a president | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **elect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Presidential can mean looking or acting serious and important, like a president should.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presidential:m2:1
# text = Presidential can mean looking or acting serious and important, like a president should.
1	Presidential	presidential	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	looking	look	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	acting	act	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	conj	_	_
7	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Presidential |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **look** *not said to happen* | gerund | Presidential *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **act** | gerund | Presidential *not said here* |  |  |  |  | serious *property* | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The USA has a presidential election every four years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presidential:x1:1
# text = The USA has a presidential election every four years.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	presidential	presidential	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
8	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the USA | a presidential election |  |  | year |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent election=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The presidential candidates debated on TV.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presidential:x2:1
# text = The presidential candidates debated on TV.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	presidential	presidential	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	candidates	candidate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	debated	debate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **debate** | participle |  | the presidential candidates *not said here* |  |  |  | on TV | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent on tv=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The presidential palace is guarded day and night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presidential:x3:1
# text = The presidential palace is guarded day and night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	presidential	presidential	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	guarded	guard	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **guard** | present · passive |  | the presidential palace |  |  | day |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
France has a presidential system.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presidential:x4:1
# text = France has a presidential system.
1	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	presidential	presidential	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | France | a presidential system |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent system=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ireland held a presidential election.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presidential:x5:1
# text = Ireland held a presidential election.
1	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	presidential	presidential	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | Ireland | a presidential election |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent election=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He looked very presidential in his suit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presidential:x6:1
# text = He looked very presidential in his suit.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	presidential	presidential	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	suit	suit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | He |  |  |  |  | presidential *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The presidential plane is called Air Force One.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presidential:x7:1
# text = The presidential plane is called Air Force One.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	presidential	presidential	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	Air	Air	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Force	Force	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	_
8	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | the presidential plane |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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