---
title: presumptuous — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «presumptuous» in the school dictionary: Presumptuous means too bold, acting as if you have more right or skill than you have, and so rude or cheeky. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# presumptuous

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**Who acts:** Presumptuous, you, It, presumptuous talk, everyone, Her · **What happens:** mean, act, have, be, speak, make · **To what, where:** everyone, wolves · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«presumptuous» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [presumptuous in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/presumptuous.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Presumptuous means too bold, acting as if you have more right or skill than you have, and so rude or cheeky.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presumptuous:m1:1
# text = Presumptuous means too bold, acting as if you have more right or skill than you have, and so rude or cheeky.
1	Presumptuous	presumptuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	too	too	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	bold	bold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	acting	act	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
11	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	so	so	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	cheeky	cheeky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Presumptuous |  |  |  |  | bold *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **act** | gerund | Presumptuous *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **have** | present | you |  |  |  |  | right *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **have** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was presumptuous of the boy to speak to the king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presumptuous:x1:1
# text = It was presumptuous of the boy to speak to the king.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	presumptuous	presumptuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | It |  |  |  |  | of the boy; presumptuous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | to the king | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to king=Co-Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her presumptuous talk made everyone cross.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presumptuous:x2:1
# text = Her presumptuous talk made everyone cross.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	presumptuous	presumptuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	4	obj	_	_
6	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Her presumptuous talk | everyone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cross** | infinitive | everyone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **talk** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom talk «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The quill-pig was presumptuous to say he knew all the wolves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:presumptuous:x3:1
# text = The quill-pig was presumptuous to say he knew all the wolves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	quill	quill	NOUN	NN	_	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	pig	pig	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	presumptuous	presumptuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
11	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	13	det:predet	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the quill pig |  |  |  |  | presumptuous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **know** | past | pig | all wolves |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer wolf=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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