---
title: prevalence — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «prevalence» in the school dictionary: How common or widespread something is in a place or group at a given time. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# prevalence

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** something, prevalence, school, survey, people, Scientists · **What happens:** be, give, go up, start, study, change · **To what, where:** place, prevalence, higher prevalence

<!-- .vabout -->
«prevalence» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [prevalence in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/prevalence.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How common or widespread something is in a place or group at a given time.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prevalence:m1:1
# text = How common or widespread something is in a place or group at a given time.
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	widespread	widespread	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | something |  |  | a place or group | time |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The prevalence of head lice goes up when school starts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prevalence:x1:1
# text = The prevalence of head lice goes up when school starts.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	lice	lice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
9	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | present | the prevalence of head lice |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **start** | present | school |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The survey studied the prevalence of short-sightedness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prevalence:x2:1
# text = The survey studied the prevalence of short-sightedness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	survey	survey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	studied	study	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	sightedness	sightedness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | past | the survey | the prevalence of short sightedness |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prevalence=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The prevalence of smartphones has changed how people talk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prevalence:x3:1
# text = The prevalence of smartphones has changed how people talk.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	smartphones	smartphone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	talk	talk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present · perfect | the prevalence of smartphones |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **talk** | present | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists measured the prevalence of the disease.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prevalence:x4:1
# text = Scientists measured the prevalence of the disease.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	measured	measure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **measure** | past | Scientists | the prevalence of the disease |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme prevalence=Value |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The prevalence of plastic on beaches is shocking.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prevalence:x5:1
# text = The prevalence of plastic on beaches is shocking.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	beaches	beach	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	shocking	shocking	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the prevalence of plastic on beaches |  |  |  |  | shocking *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Allergies have a higher prevalence than they used to.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prevalence:x6:1
# text = Allergies have a higher prevalence than they used to.
1	Allergies	allergy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Allergies | a higher prevalence |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prevalence=Patient |
| 2 | **use** | past | Allergies *= allergy* | a higher prevalence *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prevalence=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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