---
title: previously — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «previously» in the school dictionary: Previously means before, at an earlier time. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# previously

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** She, test, formal, house, I, park · **What happens:** mean, talk about, live, explain, be, use · **To what, where:** time, Canada, value, total, shop, park

<!-- .vabout -->
«previously» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [previously in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/previously.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Previously means before, at an earlier time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:previously:m1:1
# text = Previously means before, at an earlier time.
1	Previously	previously	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	before	before	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	earlier	early	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | before, previously *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Previously means before the time being talked about.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:previously:m2:1
# text = Previously means before the time being talked about.
1	Previously	previously	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	before	before	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	talked	talk	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
8	about	about	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  | time | previously *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **talk about** | gerund · passive |  | the time *not said here* |  |  |  | about *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V» |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She had previously lived in Canada.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:previously:x1:1
# text = She had previously lived in Canada.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	previously	previously	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	lived	live	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past · perfect | She |  |  | Canada |  | previously *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in canada=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As previously explained, the test is on Friday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:previously:x2:1
# text = As previously explained, the test is on Friday.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	previously	previously	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	explained	explain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Friday	Friday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | participle | the test *not said here* |  |  |  |  | previously *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the test |  |  |  |  | on Friday | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) Use the value previously calculated to find the total.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:previously:x3:1
# text = (formal) Use the value previously calculated to find the total.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	previously	previously	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	calculated	calculate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	total	total	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | formal | the value |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent value=Patient |
| 2 | **calculate** | participle |  | the value *not said here* |  |  |  | previously *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **find** | to-infinitive |  | the total |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent total=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The house was previously a shop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:previously:x4:1
# text = The house was previously a shop.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	previously	previously	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the house | a shop |  |  |  | previously *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I had never previously been on a plane.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:previously:x5:1
# text = I had never previously been on a plane.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
4	previously	previously	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	aux	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **have** | participle | I |  |  |  |  | previously *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Previously, the park closed at five; now it closes at six.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:previously:x6:1
# text = Previously, the park closed at five; now it closes at six.
1	Previously	previously	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
5	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	closes	close	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | participle |  | the park *not said here* |  | five |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **close** | present | the park |  |  | six | now | previously *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the course of conversation he had forgotten all that had happened previously.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:previously:x7:1
# text = In the course of conversation he had forgotten all that had happened previously.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	conversation	conversation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	forgotten	forget	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	12	det:predet	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
13	previously	previously	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forget** | past · perfect | he |  |  | the course |  | of conversation | tree rules |
| 2 | **happen** | past · perfect | that |  |  |  |  | previously *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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