---
title: principality — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «principality» in the school dictionary: A country or area ruled by a prince or princess, such as Monaco or Liechtenstein. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# principality

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Principalities, Monaco, Liechtenstein, prince, Bible reading, two co-princes · **What happens:** rule, use, mean, be, mention, hold · **To what, where:** country, Principality, Wales, kind, angelic order, tiny principality

<!-- .vabout -->
«principality» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [principality in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/principality.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A country or area ruled by a prince or princess, such as Monaco or Liechtenstein.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:principality:m1:1
# text = A country or area ruled by a prince or princess, such as Monaco or Liechtenstein.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	Monaco	Monaco	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	Liechtenstein	Liechtenstein	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | participle |  | a country or area *not said here* |  |  |  | by a prince or princess | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«The Principality» is sometimes used to mean Wales.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:principality:m2:1
# text = «The Principality» is sometimes used to mean Wales.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Principality	principality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	7	advmod	_	_
7	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
10	Wales	Wales	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | the Principality |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | to-infinitive |  | Wales |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wales=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Principalities» are a kind of spiritual power or angelic order mentioned by St Paul.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:principality:m3:1
# text = «Principalities» are a kind of spiritual power or angelic order mentioned by St Paul.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Principalities	principality	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	spiritual	spiritual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	angelic	angelic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
13	mentioned	mention	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	St	St	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	Paul	Paul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Principalities | a kind or angelic order |  |  |  | of spiritual power | tree rules |
| 2 | **mention** *speech: other* | participle |  | angelic order *not said here* |  |  |  | by St Paul | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Monaco is a tiny principality on the coast of France.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:principality:x1:1
# text = Monaco is a tiny principality on the coast of France.
1	Monaco	Monaco	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	principality	principality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Monaco | a tiny principality |  | the coast of France |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Liechtenstein is a principality between Switzerland and Austria.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:principality:x2:1
# text = Liechtenstein is a principality between Switzerland and Austria.
1	Liechtenstein	Liechtenstein	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	principality	principality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	between	between	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Switzerland	Switzerland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	Austria	Austria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Liechtenstein | a principality |  |  |  | between Switzerland and Austria | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rugby match was held in the Principality Stadium in Cardiff.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:principality:x3:1
# text = The rugby match was held in the Principality Stadium in Cardiff.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rugby	rugby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Principality	Principality	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Stadium	Stadium	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Cardiff	Cardiff	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past · passive |  | the rugby match |  | the Principality Stadium in Cardiff |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in stadium=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A principality is ruled by a prince.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:principality:x4:1
# text = A principality is ruled by a prince.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	principality	principality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | present · passive | a prince | a principality |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Bible reading talked about «principalities and powers».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:principality:x5:1
# text = The Bible reading talked about «principalities and powers».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	talked	talk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	principalities	principality	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	powers	power	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | past | the Bible reading |  |  |  |  | about principalities and powers | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about principality=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Andorra is ruled by two co-princes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:principality:x6:1
# text = Andorra is ruled by two co-princes.
1	Andorra	Andorra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	co-princes	co-prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | present · passive | two co-princes | Andorra |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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