---
title: professionally — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «professionally» in the school dictionary: As a job for money, not just as a hobby: «She sings professionally.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# professionally

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** She, He, expert, uncle, nurse, crowd · **What happens:** sing, handle, take, play, speak, want · **To what, where:** angry customer, photos, football, Scotland, us, school photos · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«professionally» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [professionally in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/professionally.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a job for money, not just as a hobby: «She sings professionally.».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:professionally:m1:1
# text = As a job for money, not just as a hobby: «She sings professionally.».
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
8	just	just	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	hobby	hobby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	sings	sing	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
16	professionally	professionally	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* *in a quote* | present | She |  |  |  |  | professionally *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a skilled, careful, polite way, as a good worker should: «He handled the angry customer professionally.».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:professionally:m2:1
# text = In a skilled, careful, polite way, as a good worker should: «He handled the angry customer professionally.».
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	skilled	skilled	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	worker	worker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
14	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	handled	handle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	customer	customer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
22	professionally	professionally	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **handle** *in a quote* | should | He | the angry customer |  |  |  | professionally *property* | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent customer=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By an expert: «The photos were professionally taken.».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:professionally:m3:1
# text = By an expert: «The photos were professionally taken.».
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	expert	expert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	photos	photo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
9	professionally	professionally	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** *in a quote* | past · passive | a expert | the photos |  |  |  | professionally *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My uncle plays football professionally in Scotland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:professionally:x1:1
# text = My uncle plays football professionally in Scotland.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	plays	play	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	professionally	professionally	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | present | My uncle | football |  | Scotland |  | professionally *property* | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent football=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nurse spoke to us calmly and professionally.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:professionally:x2:1
# text = The nurse spoke to us calmly and professionally.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	calmly	calmly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	professionally	professionally	ADV	RB	_	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the nurse |  | us |  |  | calmly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to we=Co-Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school photos were taken professionally.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:professionally:x3:1
# text = Our school photos were taken professionally.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	photos	photo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	professionally	professionally	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past · passive |  | Our school photos |  |  |  | professionally *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She wants to dance professionally when she grows up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:professionally:x4:1
# text = She wants to dance professionally when she grows up.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	dance	dance	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	professionally	professionally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **dance** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | professionally *property* | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **grow up** | present | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The kitchen was professionally cleaned after the flood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:professionally:x5:1
# text = The kitchen was professionally cleaned after the flood.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	professionally	professionally	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	cleaned	clean	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean** | past · passive |  | the kitchen |  |  | after the flood | professionally *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Even when the crowd booed, the referee acted professionally.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:professionally:x6:1
# text = Even when the crowd booed, the referee acted professionally.
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	booed	boo	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	referee	referee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	acted	act	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	professionally	professionally	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **boo** | past | the crowd |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **act** | past | the referee |  |  |  |  | professionally *property* | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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