---
title: proficiency — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «proficiency» in the school dictionary: A high level of skill or ability in something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# proficiency

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, She, I, my, swimming club, Proficiency · **What happens:** show, reach, pass, test, give, help · **To what, where:** certain level, great proficiency, proficiency test, school, proficiency badges, proficiency

<!-- .vabout -->
«proficiency» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [proficiency in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/proficiency.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A high level of skill or ability in something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proficiency:m1:1
# text = A high level of skill or ability in something.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A test or badge showing that you have reached a certain level: «a swimming proficiency badge».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proficiency:m2:1
# text = A test or badge showing that you have reached a certain level: «a swimming proficiency badge».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	badge	badge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	showing	show	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	mark	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	reached	reach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	badge	badge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **reach** | present · perfect | you | a certain level |  |  |  | a proficiency badge *obl* | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent level=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She showed great proficiency in French.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proficiency:x1:1
# text = She showed great proficiency in French.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | She | great proficiency |  |  |  | in French | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent proficiency=Patient in french=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I passed my cycling proficiency test at school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proficiency:x2:1
# text = I passed my cycling proficiency test at school.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
4	cycling	cycling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past | I | my proficiency test |  | school |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent test=Theme at school=Destination |
| 2 | **test** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The swimming club gives proficiency badges.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proficiency:x3:1
# text = The swimming club gives proficiency badges.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	badges	badge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | the swimming club | proficiency badges |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent badge=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Proficiency in reading helps with every subject.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proficiency:x4:1
# text = Proficiency in reading helps with every subject.
1	Proficiency	proficiency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Proficiency in reading |  |  |  |  | with every subject | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His proficiency on the violin grew with practice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proficiency:x5:1
# text = His proficiency on the violin grew with practice.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	violin	violin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | His proficiency on the violin |  |  |  |  | with practice | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The test measures your proficiency in English.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proficiency:x6:1
# text = The test measures your proficiency in English.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	measures	measure	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **measure** | present | the test | your proficiency |  | English |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme proficiency=Value |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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