---
title: progressive — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «progressive» in the school dictionary: Progressive means happening or developing step by step over time. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# progressive

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Progressive, Progressive ideas, progressive form, action, I, form · **What happens:** mean, happen, develop, support, make, show · **To what, where:** step, new ideas, society, things, action, verb · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«progressive» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [progressive in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/progressive.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Progressive means happening or developing step by step over time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:progressive:m1:1
# text = Progressive means happening or developing step by step over time.
1	Progressive	progressive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	happening	happen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	developing	develop	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	_
6	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Progressive |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **happen** *not said to happen* | gerund | Progressive *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **develop** | gerund | Progressive *not said here* | step |  |  |  | by step over time | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent step=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Progressive ideas or people support new ideas and changes in society, especially to make things fairer.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:progressive:m2:1
# text = Progressive ideas or people support new ideas and changes in society, especially to make things fairer.
1	Progressive	progressive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	support	support	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	changes	change	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	society	society	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
16	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
17	fairer	fair	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **support** | present | Progressive ideas or people | new ideas and changes |  | society |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer idea=Stimulus |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | Progressive ideas or people *not said here* | things |  |  |  | especially, fair *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset thing=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: grammar — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The progressive form of a verb shows an action going on, like "I am running" or "she was singing".

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:progressive:m3:1
# text = The progressive form of a verb shows an action going on, like "I am running" or "she was singing".
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	progressive	progressive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	running	run	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
20	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the progressive form of a verb | a action |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent action=Recipient |
| 2 | **go on** | gerund | a action *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **run** *in a quote* | present · progressive | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **sing** *speech: express* *in a quote* | past · progressive | form |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |
| 5 | **form** |  |  | a verb |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: health — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A progressive illness gets gradually worse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:progressive:m4:1
# text = A progressive illness gets gradually worse.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	progressive	progressive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	gradually	gradually	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | a progressive illness |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A progressive tax takes a bigger share from people who earn more.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:progressive:m5:1
# text = A progressive tax takes a bigger share from people who earn more.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	progressive	progressive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tax	tax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	share	share	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	earn	earn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | a progressive tax | a bigger share |  |  |  | from people | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent share=Theme from people=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **earn** | present | people | more |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I am eating" is in the present progressive.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:progressive:x1:1
# text = "I am eating" is in the present progressive.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	csubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	progressive	progressive	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** *in a quote* | present · progressive | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | eating |  |  | the present progressive |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The music got progressively louder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:progressive:x2:1
# text = The music got progressively louder.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	progressively	progressively	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	louder	loud	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | the music |  |  |  |  | loud, progressively *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is very progressive and supports new ideas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:progressive:x3:1
# text = She is very progressive and supports new ideas.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	progressive	progressive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	supports	support	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | She |  |  |  |  | progressive *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **support** | present | She *not said here* | new ideas |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer idea=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My grandma has a progressive illness that makes her more forgetful each year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:progressive:x4:1
# text = My grandma has a progressive illness that makes her more forgetful each year.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	progressive	progressive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	11	advmod	_	_
11	forgetful	forgetful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
12	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | My grandma | a progressive illness |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent illness=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | present | a progressive illness | grandma |  |  | year | forgetful *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset she=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school has a progressive approach to learning outside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:progressive:x5:1
# text = The school has a progressive approach to learning outside.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	progressive	progressive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	approach	approach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	nmod	_	_
9	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the school | a progressive approach |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent approach=Patient |
| 2 | **learn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | outside *property* | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(money) In a progressive tax system, people who earn more pay a bigger share.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:progressive:x6:1
# text = (money) In a progressive tax system, people who earn more pay a bigger share.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	In	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	progressive	progressive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	tax	tax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	earn	earn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	obj	_	_
14	pay	pay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	17	amod	_	_
17	share	share	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **earn** | present | people | more |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Theme |
| 2 | **pay** | present | money in a progressive tax system | a bigger share |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent share=Asset |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Progressive reformers helped end child labour in factories.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:progressive:x7:1
# text = Progressive reformers helped end child labour in factories.
1	Progressive	progressive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	reformers	reformer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	end	end	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
5	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	labour	labour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	factories	factory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | Progressive reformers |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **end** | infinitive | Progressive reformers *not said here* | child labour |  | factories |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality labour=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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