---
title: projection — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «projection» in the school dictionary: A projection is an image shown on a screen or wall by a projector. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# projection

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** projection, part, map projection, way, you, teacher · **What happens:** be, show, base, stick out, draw, blame · **To what, where:** image, screen, guess, numbers, part, something · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«projection» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [projection in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/projection.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A projection is an image shown on a screen or wall by a projector.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:projection:m1:1
# text = A projection is an image shown on a screen or wall by a projector.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	projection	projection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	image	image	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	projector	projector	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a projection | a image |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | participle |  | a image *not said here* |  | a screen or wall |  | by a projector | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A projection is a guess about the future based on numbers now: a sales projection.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:projection:m2:1
# text = A projection is a guess about the future based on numbers now: a sales projection.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	projection	projection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	guess	guess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	future	future	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	based	base	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
12	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	sales	sales	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	projection	projection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a projection | a guess and a sales projection |  |  |  | about the future | tree rules |
| 2 | **base** | participle |  | a guess and a sales projection *not said here* |  | numbers | now |  | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent on number=Source |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A projection is a part that sticks out from something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:projection:m3:1
# text = A projection is a part that sticks out from something.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	projection	projection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	sticks	stick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a projection | a part |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stick out** | present | a part |  |  | something |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths and geography — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A map projection is a way of drawing the round Earth on a flat map.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:projection:m4:1
# text = A map projection is a way of drawing the round Earth on a flat map.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	projection	projection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	drawing	draw	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a map projection | a way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **draw** | gerund | a way *not said here* | the round Earth |  | a flat map |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent earth=Theme on map=Destination |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: psychology — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Projection is blaming others for feelings you have yourself.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:projection:m5:1
# text = Projection is blaming others for feelings you have yourself.
1	Projection	projection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	blaming	blame	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blame** | present · progressive | Projection | others |  |  |  | for feelings | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent other=Theme for feeling=Attribute |
| 2 | **have** | present | you | yourself |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The projection on the wall was blurry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:projection:x1:1
# text = The projection on the wall was blurry.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	projection	projection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	blurry	blurry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the projection on the wall |  |  |  |  | blurry *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher adjusted the projection.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:projection:x2:1
# text = The teacher adjusted the projection.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	adjusted	adjust	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	projection	projection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **adjust** | past | the teacher | the projection |  |  |  |  | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent projection=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The projection says the town will grow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:projection:x3:1
# text = The projection says the town will grow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	projection	projection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the projection |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **grow** | future | the town |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rock projection made a shelter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:projection:x4:1
# text = A rock projection made a shelter.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	projection	projection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | a rock projection | a shelter |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset shelter=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Mercator projection makes Greenland look huge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:projection:x5:1
# text = The Mercator projection makes Greenland look huge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Mercator	Mercator	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	projection	projection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Greenland	Greenland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the Mercator projection | Greenland |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | infinitive | Greenland *not said here* |  |  |  |  | huge *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Population projections help plan schools.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:projection:x6:1
# text = Population projections help plan schools.
1	Population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	projections	projection	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Population projections | plan schools |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent school=Beneficiary |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Voice projection helps actors be heard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:projection:x7:1
# text = Voice projection helps actors be heard.
1	Voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	projection	projection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	actors	actor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Voice projection | actors |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent actor=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **hear** | infinitive · passive | actors *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus» |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film projection started late.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:projection:x8:1
# text = The film projection started late.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	projection	projection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | past | the film projection |  |  |  |  | late *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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