---
title: prolong — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «prolong» in the school dictionary: To prolong something means to make it last longer. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# prolong

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** We, Keeping, you, new medicine, Prolonged rain, He · **What happens:** prolong, mean, make, last, keep, not prolong · **To what, where:** something, it, holiday, milk, fridge, life · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«prolong» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [prolong in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/prolong.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To prolong something means to make it last longer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prolong:m1:1
# text = To prolong something means to make it last longer.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	prolong	prolong	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	last	last	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prolong** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **last** *not said to happen* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We prolonged our holiday by two days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prolong:x1:1
# text = We prolonged our holiday by two days.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	prolonged	prolong	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prolong** | past | We | our holiday |  |  | day |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent holiday=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keeping milk in the fridge prolongs its life.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prolong:x2:1
# text = Keeping milk in the fridge prolongs its life.
1	Keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fridge	fridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	prolongs	prolong	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | gerund |  | milk |  | the fridge |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent milk=Theme in fridge=Location |
| 2 | **prolong** | present | Keeping | fridge's life |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent life=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't prolong the argument; just say sorry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prolong:x3:1
# text = Don't prolong the argument; just say sorry.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	prolong	prolong	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	just	just	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **prolong** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | the argument |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent argument=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* | sorry |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent sorry=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new medicine helped prolong Grandad's life.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prolong:x4:1
# text = The new medicine helped prolong Grandad's life.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	prolong	prolong	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
6	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | the new medicine |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **prolong** | infinitive | the new medicine *not said here* | Grandad's life |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent life=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Extra time prolonged the football match.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prolong:x5:1
# text = Extra time prolonged the football match.
1	Extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	prolonged	prolong	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prolong** | past |  | the football match |  |  | time |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent match=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Prolonged rain caused flooding in the valley.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prolong:x6:1
# text = Prolonged rain caused flooding in the valley.
1	Prolonged	prolong	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	flooding	flood	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prolong** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cause** | past | Prolonged rain |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **flood** | gerund | Prolonged rain *not said here* |  |  | the valley |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop prolonging the agony and tell us who won!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prolong:x7:1
# text = Stop prolonging the agony and tell us who won!
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	prolonging	prolong	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	agony	agony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	iobj	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **prolong** | gerund | you *not said here* | the agony |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent agony=Theme |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **win** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He wondered whether it were possible, by living simply and frugally henceforth, to prolong his life as long as he wished.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prolong:x8:1
# text = He wondered whether it were possible, by living simply and frugally henceforth, to prolong his life as long as he wished.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wondered	wonder	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	possible	possible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
10	simply	simply	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	frugally	frugally	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	henceforth	henceforth	ADV	RB	_	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	prolong	prolong	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	as	as	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	16	advmod	_	_
21	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	wished	wish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wonder** *speech: ask* | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | past | it |  |  |  |  | possible *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **live** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | simply *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **prolong** | to-infinitive |  | his life |  |  |  | long *property* | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent life=Theme |
| 5 | **wish** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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