---
title: prolonged — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «prolonged» in the school dictionary: Lasting a long time, or longer than usual. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# prolonged

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** something, prolonged silence, Prolonged exposure, river, Prolonged use, audience · **What happens:** last, make, be, prolong, burn, dry up · **To what, where:** skin, drought, match, hearing, headphones, prolonged cheer

<!-- .vabout -->
«prolonged» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [prolonged in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/prolonged.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lasting a long time, or longer than usual.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prolonged:m1:1
# text = Lasting a long time, or longer than usual.
1	Lasting	last	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	longer	long	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | gerund |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made something last longer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prolonged:m2:1
# text = Made something last longer.
1	Made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
3	last	last	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **last** | infinitive | something |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a prolonged silence after the bad news.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prolonged:x1:1
# text = There was a prolonged silence after the bad news.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	prolonged	prolong	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a prolonged silence |  |  | there | after the bad news |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **prolong** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Prolonged exposure to the sun can burn your skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prolonged:x2:1
# text = Prolonged exposure to the sun can burn your skin.
1	Prolonged	prolong	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	exposure	exposure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	burn	burn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prolong** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **burn** | can | Prolonged exposure to the sun | your skin |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent skin=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The drought was prolonged and the river dried up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prolonged:x3:1
# text = The drought was prolonged and the river dried up.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drought	drought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	prolonged	prolong	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prolong** | past · passive |  | the drought |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **dry up** | participle | the river |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The match was prolonged by extra time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prolonged:x4:1
# text = The match was prolonged by extra time.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	prolonged	prolong	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prolong** | past · passive |  | the match |  |  | time |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Prolonged use of headphones at high volume can damage hearing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prolonged:x5:1
# text = Prolonged use of headphones at high volume can damage hearing.
1	Prolonged	prolong	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	headphones	headphone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	volume	volume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	damage	damage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	hearing	hearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prolong** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **damage** | can | Prolonged use of headphones at high volume | hearing |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hearing=Patient |
| 3 | **use** |  |  | headphones at high volume |  |  |  |  | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The audience gave a prolonged cheer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prolonged:x6:1
# text = The audience gave a prolonged cheer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	prolonged	prolong	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	cheer	cheer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the audience | a prolonged cheer |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cheer=Theme |
| 2 | **prolong** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But the prolonged absence of Theseus gave rise to other troubles of a more serious character.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prolonged:x7:1
# text = But the prolonged absence of Theseus gave rise to other troubles of a more serious character.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	prolonged	prolong	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Theseus	Theseus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	rise	rise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	troubles	trouble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	15	advmod	_	_
15	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	character	character	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prolong** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **give** | past | the prolonged absence of Theseus | rise | other troubles of a serious character |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent rise=Theme to trouble=Recipient |
| 3 | **absent** |  |  | Theseus |  |  |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient |
| 4 | **trouble** |  |  | a serious character |  |  |  |  | nom trouble «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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