---
title: promiser — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «promiser» in the school dictionary: A person who makes a promise. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# promiser

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, agreement, He, good promiser, their, promiser · **What happens:** make, promise, do, spell, be, keep · **To what, where:** promise, something, promisor, big promiser, word, contract

<!-- .vabout -->
«promiser» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [promiser in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/promiser.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who makes a promise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:promiser:m1:1
# text = A person who makes a promise.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | a person | a promise |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent promise=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law, formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The person in an agreement who promises to do something (also spelled «promisor»).

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:promiser:m2:1
# text = The person in an agreement who promises to do something (also spelled «promisor»).
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	agreement	agreement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	promises	promise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	also	also	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	spelled	spell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	promisor	promisor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **promise** *speech: promise* | present | a agreement |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | a agreement *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 3 | **spell** | participle |  | promisor |  |  |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent promisor=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was a big promiser but a poor doer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:promiser:x1:1
# text = He was a big promiser but a poor doer.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	promiser	promiser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	doer	doer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | He | a big promiser but a poor doer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A good promiser always keeps their word.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:promiser:x2:1
# text = A good promiser always keeps their word.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	promiser	promiser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
5	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | a good promiser | their word |  |  |  | always *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme |
| 2 | **word** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the contract, the promiser agrees to pay the money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:promiser:x3:1
# text = In the contract, the promiser agrees to pay the money.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	contract	contract	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	promiser	promiser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	agrees	agree	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **agree** *speech: agree* | present | the promiser |  |  | the contract |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **pay** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the promiser *not said here* | the money |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Asset |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king was a promiser of gifts he never gave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:promiser:x4:1
# text = The king was a promiser of gifts he never gave.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	promiser	promiser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	gifts	gift	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the king | a promiser |  |  |  | of gifts | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **give** | past | king | gifts *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gift=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't be a promiser if you can't keep it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:promiser:x5:1
# text = Don't be a promiser if you can't keep it.
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	promiser	promiser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | infinitive |  | a promiser |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **keep** *a condition, not said to happen* | can | you | promiser |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The promiser must do what was promised.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:promiser:x6:1
# text = The promiser must do what was promised.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	promiser	promiser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	promised	promise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | must | the promiser |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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