---
title: promulgation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «promulgation» in the school dictionary: The official public announcement of a new law or rule, so it comes into force. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# promulgation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** rule, church, promulgation, king, Teachers, its · **What happens:** come, announce, spread, teach, read, promulgate · **To what, where:** force, new law, idea, teaching, promulgation, town square

<!-- .vabout -->
«promulgation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [promulgation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/promulgation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal, law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The official public announcement of a new law or rule, so it comes into force.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:promulgation:m1:1
# text = The official public announcement of a new law or rule, so it comes into force.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	announcement	announcement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
15	into	into	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | rule |  |  | force |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into force=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **announce** |  |  | a new law or rule |  |  |  |  | nom announcement «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spreading an idea or belief widely among people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:promulgation:m2:1
# text = Spreading an idea or belief widely among people.
1	Spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	belief	belief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	widely	widely	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
7	among	among	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | gerund |  | a idea or belief |  |  |  | among people; widely *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent idea=Theme among people=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The official announcement of a teaching by a church.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:promulgation:m3:1
# text = The official announcement of a teaching by a church.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	announcement	announcement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	teaching	teaching	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **announce** |  |  | a teaching by a church |  |  |  |  | nom announcement «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 2 | **teach** |  | a church |  |  |  |  |  | nom teaching «act transitive»: by=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The promulgation of the new law was read in the town square.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:promulgation:x1:1
# text = The promulgation of the new law was read in the town square.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	promulgation	promulgation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	square	square	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past · passive |  | the promulgation of the new law |  | the town square |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **promulgate** |  |  | the new law |  |  |  |  | nom promulgation «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The promulgation of the rules came after months of debate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:promulgation:x2:1
# text = The promulgation of the rules came after months of debate.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	promulgation	promulgation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	debate	debate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the promulgation of the rules |  |  |  | month |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **promulgate** |  |  | the rules |  |  |  |  | nom promulgation «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The church announced the promulgation of a new prayer book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:promulgation:x3:1
# text = The church announced the promulgation of a new prayer book.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	announced	announce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	promulgation	promulgation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **announce** *speech: other* | past | the church | the promulgation of a new prayer book |  |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent promulgation=Theme |
| 2 | **promulgate** |  |  | a new prayer book |  |  |  |  | nom promulgation «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king ordered the promulgation of his decree across the land.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:promulgation:x4:1
# text = The king ordered the promulgation of his decree across the land.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ordered	order	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	promulgation	promulgation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	decree	decree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	across	across	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **order** | past | the king | the promulgation of king's decree |  | the land |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent promulgation=Theme |
| 2 | **promulgate** |  |  | king's decree |  |  |  |  | nom promulgation «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 3 | **decree** |  | king |  |  |  |  |  | nom decree «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Teachers help in the promulgation of good ideas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:promulgation:x5:1
# text = Teachers help in the promulgation of good ideas.
1	Teachers	teacher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	promulgation	promulgation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Teachers |  |  | the promulgation of good ideas |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **promulgate** |  |  | good ideas |  |  |  |  | nom promulgation «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After its promulgation, the law applied to everyone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:promulgation:x6:1
# text = After its promulgation, the law applied to everyone.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	promulgation	promulgation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	applied	apply	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **apply** | participle |  | the law *not said here* |  |  |  | to everyone | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **promulgate** |  | its *= it* |  |  |  |  |  | nom promulgation «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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