---
title: pronk — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pronk» in the school dictionary: verb. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pronk

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** animal, Gazelles, lambs, We, antelopes, puppy · **What happens:** pronk, leap, show, be, call, stott · **To what, where:** air, springbok, lions, Pronking, field, video · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pronk» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pronk in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pronk.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
verb.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pronk:m1:1
# text = verb.
1	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When an animal like a springbok, gazelle or deer pronks, it leaps high into the air with all four legs stiff, often several times.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pronk:m1e:1
# text = When an animal like a springbok, gazelle or deer pronks, it leaps high into the air with all four legs stiff, often several times.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	11	mark	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	springbok	springbok	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	gazelle	gazelle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	deer	deer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
11	pronks	pronk	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	leaps	leap	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	advmod	_	_
16	into	into	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	22	det	_	_
21	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
23	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	often	often	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
26	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pronk** | present | a animal like a springbok and gazelle or deer |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **leap** | present | animal |  |  | the air |  | with all four legs; high *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into air=Destination |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
noun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pronk:m2:1
# text = noun.
1	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Such a leap.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pronk:m2e:1
# text = Such a leap.
1	Such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	3	det:predet	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	leap	leap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The springbok pronked high into the air.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pronk:x1:1
# text = The springbok pronked high into the air.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	springbok	springbok	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	pronked	pronk	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pronk** | participle |  | the springbok *not said here* |  | the air |  | high *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gazelles pronk to show lions they are strong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pronk:x2:1
# text = Gazelles pronk to show lions they are strong.
1	Gazelles	gazelle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pronk	pronk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pronk** | present | Gazelles |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | to-infinitive | Gazelles *not said here* |  | lions |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent lion=Recipient |
| 3 | **is** | present | Gazelles *= gazelle* | lions *not said here* |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pronking is also called stotting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pronk:x3:1
# text = Pronking is also called stotting.
1	Pronking	pronking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	stotting	stott	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | Pronking |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stott** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lambs were pronking around the field in spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pronk:x4:1
# text = The lambs were pronking around the field in spring.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lambs	lamb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	pronking	pronk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	around	around	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pronk** | past · progressive | the lambs |  |  | the field in spring |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We watched a video of antelopes pronking.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pronk:x5:1
# text = We watched a video of antelopes pronking.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	antelopes	antelope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	pronking	pronk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | We | a video of antelopes |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent video=Theme |
| 2 | **pronk** | gerund | antelopes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our puppy did a funny little pronk when it saw the ball.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pronk:x6:1
# text = Our puppy did a funny little pronk when it saw the ball.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	pronk	pronk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | Our puppy |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pronk** | present | Our puppy *not said here* | a funny little |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **see** | past | puppy | the ball |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ball=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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