---
title: pronunciation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pronunciation» in the school dictionary: Pronunciation is the way a word is said out loud. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pronunciation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Pronunciation, way, person, language, French pronunciation, Her · **What happens:** be, say, accent, pronounce, have, show · **To what, where:** way, word, words, language, two common pronunciations, pronunciation · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pronunciation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pronunciation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pronunciation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pronunciation is the way a word is said out loud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pronunciation:m1:1
# text = Pronunciation is the way a word is said out loud.
1	Pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	out	out	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	loud	loud	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Pronunciation | the way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive | the way *not said here* | a word |  |  |  | loud *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pronunciation is also how well or how a person says words in a language, including their accent.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pronunciation:m2:1
# text = Pronunciation is also how well or how a person says words in a language, including their accent.
1	Pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
5	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	including	including	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	accent	accent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Pronunciation |  |  |  |  | well *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a person | words |  | a language and language's accent |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent word=Theme in language=Manner |
| 3 | **accent** |  | language |  |  |  |  |  | nom accent «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What's the pronunciation of this word?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pronunciation:x1:1
# text = What's the pronunciation of this word?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the pronunciation of this word |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pronounce** |  |  | this word |  |  |  |  | nom pronunciation «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her French pronunciation is really good.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pronunciation:x2:1
# text = Her French pronunciation is really good.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	really	really	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Her French pronunciation |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **pronounce** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom pronunciation «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Tomato» has two common pronunciations.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pronunciation:x3:1
# text = «Tomato» has two common pronunciations.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Tomato	Tomato	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
6	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	pronunciations	pronunciation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Tomato | two common pronunciations |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pronunciation=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dictionary shows the pronunciation in brackets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pronunciation:x4:1
# text = The dictionary shows the pronunciation in brackets.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	brackets	bracket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the dictionary | the pronunciation |  |  |  | in brackets | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent pronunciation=Patient in bracket=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We practised the pronunciation of new Mandarin tones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pronunciation:x5:1
# text = We practised the pronunciation of new Mandarin tones.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	practised	practise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	Mandarin	mandarin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	tones	tone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **practise** | past | We | the pronunciation of new Mandarin tones |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pronounce** |  |  | new Mandarin tones |  |  |  |  | nom pronunciation «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
English spelling and pronunciation often don't match.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pronunciation:x6:1
# text = English spelling and pronunciation often don't match.
1	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	often	often	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	match	match	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **match** | present · do-support | English spelling and pronunciation |  |  |  |  | often *property* | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No explanation could convey an adequate idea of the intonation and pronunciation which Uncle Remus brought to bear upon this wonderful word.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pronunciation:x7:1
# text = No explanation could convey an adequate idea of the intonation and pronunciation which Uncle Remus brought to bear upon this wonderful word.
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	explanation	explanation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	convey	convey	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	adequate	adequate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	intonation	intonation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	obj	_	_
14	Uncle	Uncle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	Remus	Remus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	flat	_	_
16	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	22	det	_	_
21	wonderful	wonderful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **convey** | could | no explanation | a adequate idea of the intonation and pronunciation |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent idea=Topic |
| 2 | **bring** | past | Uncle | the intonation and pronunciation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **bear** | to-infinitive | Uncle *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon this wonderful word | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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