---
title: propaganda — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «propaganda» in the school dictionary: Propaganda is information, often false or one-sided, spread to make people believe something or support a group, leader or idea. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# propaganda

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** people, It, governments, Propaganda, dictator, you · **What happens:** be, spread, make, believe, support, use · **To what, where:** Propaganda information, people, something, group, posters, feelings · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«propaganda» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [propaganda in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/propaganda.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Propaganda is information, often false or one-sided, spread to make people believe something or support a group, leader or idea.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propaganda:m1:1
# text = Propaganda is information, often false or one-sided, spread to make people believe something or support a group, leader or idea.
1	Propaganda	propaganda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	often	often	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	sided	sided	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	spread	spread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	16	obj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	support	support	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | Propaganda information |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  | often *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **spread** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **believe** | infinitive | people *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
| 6 | **support** | infinitive | people *not said here* | a group |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer group=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It often uses posters, films, slogans and social media, and plays on feelings like fear or pride.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propaganda:m2:1
# text = It often uses posters, films, slogans and social media, and plays on feelings like fear or pride.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	often	often	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	posters	poster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	films	film	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	slogans	slogan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	social	social	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	media	media	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	plays	play	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	pride	pride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | It | posters and films and slogans and social media |  |  |  | often *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poster=Patient |
| 2 | **play** | present |  |  |  | feelings like fear or pride |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
During the war, governments made propaganda posters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propaganda:x1:1
# text = During the war, governments made propaganda posters.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	governments	government	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	posters	poster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | governments | propaganda posters |  |  | during the war |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset poster=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Propaganda tells only one side of the story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propaganda:x2:1
# text = Propaganda tells only one side of the story.
1	Propaganda	propaganda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | Propaganda | one side of the story |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent side=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dictator used propaganda to make people love him.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propaganda:x3:1
# text = The dictator used propaganda to make people love him.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dictator	dictator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	love	love	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the dictator | propaganda |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent propaganda=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | the dictator *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **love** | infinitive | people *not said here* | dictator |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ask who made a message and why, so propaganda doesn't fool you.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propaganda:x4:1
# text = Ask who made a message and why, so propaganda doesn't fool you.
1	Ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
10	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
11	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	fool	fool	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | past |  | a message |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Product |
| 3 | **not** **fool** | present · do-support | propaganda | you |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film was propaganda, not the real truth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propaganda:x5:1
# text = The film was propaganda, not the real truth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | film propaganda and the real truth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some adverts work a bit like propaganda.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propaganda:x6:1
# text = Some adverts work a bit like propaganda.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	adverts	advert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	work	work	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | some adverts | a bit |  |  |  | like propaganda | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent bit=Material |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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