---
title: propagate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «propagate» in the school dictionary: To grow new plants from a parent plant, for example from cuttings, seeds or runners. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# propagate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** We, Gardeners, Strawberries, Sound, newspaper, trees · **What happens:** grow, breed, reproduce, spread, travel, propagate · **To what, where:** new plants, parent plant, idea, something, new spider plants, babies

<!-- .vabout -->
«propagate» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [propagate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/propagate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To grow new plants from a parent plant, for example from cuttings, seeds or runners.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagate:m1:1
# text = To grow new plants from a parent plant, for example from cuttings, seeds or runners.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	parent	parent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	cuttings	cutting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | to-infinitive |  | new plants |  | a parent plant |  | for example; from cuttings and seeds or runners | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.material PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent plant=Product from plant=Material for example=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of plants and animals — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To breed or reproduce.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagate:m2:1
# text = To breed or reproduce.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	breed	breed	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	reproduce	reproduce	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breed** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **reproduce** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To spread an idea, news or belief to many people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagate:m3:1
# text = To spread an idea, news or belief to many people.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	spread	spread	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	belief	belief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | to-infinitive |  | a idea and news or belief |  |  |  | to many people | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location idea=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For sound, light or waves to travel through something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagate:m4:1
# text = For sound, light or waves to travel through something.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	travel	travel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
9	through	through	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | something |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through something=Trajectory |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We propagated new spider plants from the babies on the runners.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagate:x1:1
# text = We propagated new spider plants from the babies on the runners.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	propagated	propagate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	spider	spider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **propagate** | past | We | new spider plants |  | the babies on the runners |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location plant=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gardeners propagate roses from cuttings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagate:x2:1
# text = Gardeners propagate roses from cuttings.
1	Gardeners	gardener	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	propagate	propagate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	roses	rose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	cuttings	cutting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **propagate** | present | Gardeners | roses |  | cuttings |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location rose=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Strawberries propagate by sending out runners.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagate:x3:1
# text = Strawberries propagate by sending out runners.
1	Strawberries	strawberry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	propagate	propagate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	sending	send	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **propagate** | present | Strawberries |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **send out** | gerund | Strawberries *not said here* | runners |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent runner=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sound cannot propagate through empty space.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagate:x4:1
# text = Sound cannot propagate through empty space.
1	Sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	propagate	propagate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **propagate** | can | Sound |  |  | empty space |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through space=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The newspaper propagated a false story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagate:x5:1
# text = The newspaper propagated a false story.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	propagated	propagate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **propagate** | past | the newspaper | a false story |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location story=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some trees propagate by seeds carried on the wind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagate:x6:1
# text = Some trees propagate by seeds carried on the wind.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	propagate	propagate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **propagate** | present | some trees |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **carry** | past | seeds |  |  | the wind |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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