---
title: propagation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «propagation» in the school dictionary: Propagation is growing new plants from a parent plant, from seeds, cuttings or bulbs. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# propagation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Propagation, Plant propagation, Sound propagation, We, gardener, Strawberries · **What happens:** grow, be, spread, study, propagate, show · **To what, where:** new plants, parent plant, spreading, ideas, water, propagation

<!-- .vabout -->
«propagation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [propagation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/propagation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Propagation is growing new plants from a parent plant, from seeds, cuttings or bulbs.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagation:m1:1
# text = Propagation is growing new plants from a parent plant, from seeds, cuttings or bulbs.
1	Propagation	propagation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	parent	parent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	cuttings	cutting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	bulbs	bulb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present · progressive | Propagation | new plants |  | a parent plant |  | from seeds and cuttings or bulbs | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent plant=Product from plant=Material |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Propagation is the spreading of something, such as sound, light or waves, from one place to another.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagation:m2:1
# text = Propagation is the spreading of something, such as sound, light or waves, from one place to another.
1	Propagation	propagation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	spreading	spreading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Propagation | the spreading and one place to another |  |  |  | of something | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Propagation is spreading ideas or beliefs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagation:m3:1
# text = Propagation is spreading ideas or beliefs.
1	Propagation	propagation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	beliefs	belief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present · progressive | Propagation | ideas or beliefs |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location idea=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plant propagation from cuttings is easy with mint.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagation:x1:1
# text = Plant propagation from cuttings is easy with mint.
1	Plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	propagation	propagation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	cuttings	cutting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	mint	mint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Plant propagation from cuttings |  |  |  |  | with mint; easy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sound propagation is faster in water than in air.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagation:x2:1
# text = Sound propagation is faster in water than in air.
1	Sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	propagation	propagation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	faster	fast	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Sound propagation |  |  | water |  | than air; fast *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We studied the propagation of light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagation:x3:1
# text = We studied the propagation of light.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	studied	study	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	propagation	propagation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | past | We | the propagation of light |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent propagation=Topic |
| 2 | **propagate** |  |  | light |  |  |  |  | nom propagation «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gardener showed us propagation by seeds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagation:x4:1
# text = The gardener showed us propagation by seeds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gardener	gardener	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	propagation	propagation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the gardener | propagation | us |  |  | by seeds | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient propagation=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The propagation of rumours can hurt people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagation:x5:1
# text = The propagation of rumours can hurt people.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	propagation	propagation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	rumours	rumour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | can | the propagation of rumours | people |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer people=Patient |
| 2 | **propagate** |  |  | rumours |  |  |  |  | nom propagation «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Strawberries spread by natural propagation through runners.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagation:x6:1
# text = Strawberries spread by natural propagation through runners.
1	Strawberries	strawberry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spread	spread	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	propagation	propagation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | Strawberries |  |  | runners |  | by natural propagation | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by propagation=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Propagation needs warmth and water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagation:x7:1
# text = Propagation needs warmth and water.
1	Propagation	propagation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	warmth	warmth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Propagation | warmth and water |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot warmth=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Waves show propagation of energy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:propagation:x8:1
# text = Waves show propagation of energy.
1	Waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	propagation	propagation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Waves | propagation of energy |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent propagation=Recipient |
| 2 | **propagate** |  |  | energy |  |  |  |  | nom propagation «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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