---
title: proportional — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «proportional» in the school dictionary: In maths, two amounts are proportional if they grow or shrink together at the same rate, so that one is always the same number times the other. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# proportional

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** two amounts, amounts, one, Proportional, cost, you · **What happens:** be, grow, shrink, mean, have, compare · **To what, where:** maths, right size, amount, tickets, recipe, ingredients proportional

<!-- .vabout -->
«proportional» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [proportional in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/proportional.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In maths, two amounts are proportional if they grow or shrink together at the same rate, so that one is always the same number times the other.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proportional:m1:1
# text = In maths, two amounts are proportional if they grow or shrink together at the same rate, so that one is always the same number times the other.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	proportional	proportional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	shrink	shrink	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
13	together	together	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	rate	rate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
19	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	29	case	_	_
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	fixed	_	_
21	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
23	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	29	advmod	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
25	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
26	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | two amounts |  |  | maths |  | proportional *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | amounts *= amount* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **shrink** | present | amounts *= amount* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the same rate; together *property* | vn flinch-40.5 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer at rate=Stimulus |
| 4 | **is** | present | one |  |  |  |  | always, other *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Proportional means having the right size or amount compared with something else, fair in size.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proportional:m2:1
# text = Proportional means having the right size or amount compared with something else, fair in size.
1	Proportional	proportional	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	compared	compare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obl	_	_
12	else	else	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Proportional |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** *not said to happen* | gerund | Proportional *not said here* | the right size or amount |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent size=Patient |
| 3 | **compare** | participle |  | amount *not said here* |  |  |  | with something | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Patient with something=Co-Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cost is proportional to the number of tickets you buy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proportional:x1:1
# text = The cost is proportional to the number of tickets you buy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	proportional	proportional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	tickets	ticket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	buy	buy	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the cost |  |  |  |  | to the number of tickets; proportional *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **buy** | present | you | tickets *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ticket=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you double the recipe, keep the ingredients proportional.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proportional:x2:1
# text = If you double the recipe, keep the ingredients proportional.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	double	double	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	recipe	recipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	ingredients	ingredient	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	compound	_	_
10	proportional	proportional	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **double** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | the recipe |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent recipe=Patient |
| 2 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | the ingredients proportional |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent proportional=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The time taken is inversely proportional to the speed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proportional:x3:1
# text = The time taken is inversely proportional to the speed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	inversely	inversely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	proportional	proportional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | participle |  | the time *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the time |  |  |  |  | to the speed; inversely, proportional *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her drawing of the face was nicely proportional.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proportional:x4:1
# text = Her drawing of the face was nicely proportional.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	drawing	drawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	nicely	nicely	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	proportional	proportional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Her drawing of the face |  |  |  |  | nicely, proportional *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **draw** |  | the face |  |  |  |  |  | nom drawing «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The punishment should be proportional to what he did wrong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proportional:x5:1
# text = The punishment should be proportional to what he did wrong.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	proportional	proportional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	obl	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | should | the punishment |  |  |  |  | proportional *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | past | he |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On a graph, proportional amounts make a straight line through zero.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proportional:x6:1
# text = On a graph, proportional amounts make a straight line through zero.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	graph	graph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	proportional	proportional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	straight	straight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	through	through	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	zero	zero	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | proportional amounts | a straight line |  | a graph |  | through zero | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset line=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
New Zealand uses a kind of proportional representation in elections.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proportional:x7:1
# text = New Zealand uses a kind of proportional representation in elections.
1	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
2	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	proportional	proportional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	representation	representation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	elections	election	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | New Zealand | a kind of proportional representation in elections |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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